Actors / International organisation · Belgium
European Union
Appears in 22 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.
| Case | Role | Country | Period | Instrument |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prestige | Provided more than €275m in aid | Spain | 2002–2026 | Oil spill |
| Plastic waste imports into Türkiye (Adana) | Assessed Türkiye under Article 45(5) of the Waste Shipment Regulation | Türkiye | 2016–2026 | Plastic waste and recycling claims |
| African Parks Odzala-Kokoua abuses (Republic of Congo) | Funder (€6m for 2018–2023; 46% of the park budget in 2020) | Republic of Congo | 2010–2025 | Killings and repression of defenders |
| Posidonia oceanica meadows (Balearics, Mediterranean) | Habitats Directive: Posidonia beds are a priority habitat | Spain | 2018–2026 | Protected area / relocation |
| Messok Dja ecoguard abuses (Republic of Congo) | Funder; suspended about €1 million in 2020 | Republic of Congo | 2008–2020 | Killings and repression of defenders |
| Jadar lithium project | Defendant in the strategic-status case (European Commission) | Serbia | 2022–2025 | Mining |
| World Bank and development bank accountability mechanisms: Embobut (Sengwer), Tata Mundra, Arun III, Jale, Cambodia | Funder of the WaTER programme | Kenya | 2007–2024 | Protected area / relocation |
| Sengwer evictions from Embobut forest and the EU Water Towers programme (Kenya) | Funder of the WaTER programme | Kenya | 2014–2024 | Protected area / relocation |
| Uzbek cotton boycott ends forced labour | Trade partner (trade preference) | Uzbekistan | 2017–2026 | Agriculture, livestock and food |
| EU mirror measure on antimicrobials and Brazil beef exclusion | Regulator that adopted the measure and decided the list | Brazil | 2019–2026 | Agriculture, livestock and food |
| EU Deforestation Regulation delays and trade pressure | Regulator | European Union | 2022 | Law, regulation and treaties |
| Nonylphenol ethoxylates: Swiss ban and EU restriction | Adopted Directive 2003/53/EC | Switzerland | 1984–2014 | Chemical pollution |
| EU narrows supply-chain law and delays deforestation rule twice | Adopted the narrowed directive and postponed the EUDR | European Union | 2024–2026 | Law, regulation and treaties |
| EU seal-product ban's Inuit exemption found ineffective | Seal-product ban with an Inuit exemption | Canada | 2014 | Lobbying, PR and greenwashing |
| Trade rules curb green industrial policy; WTO rules against Indonesia nickel ban | Complainant in the Indonesia nickel case; respondent in the palm oil and CBAM disputes | Global | 2013–2026 | Mining |
| WTO panel backs EU on palm biofuel rules in Malaysia case | Respondent; set the renewable-status rules | Global | 2025 | Wind, hydro and other renewables |
| Kenyan water-tower forest evictions followed a 2018 killing by forest guards | funder of the WaTER programme | Kenya | 2016–2024 | Protected area / relocation |
| WTO panel found Indonesia's raw nickel export ban breached rules | Brought the complaint at the WTO | Indonesia | 2020–2022 | Mining |
| Morocco says it cut cadmium in phosphate fertilisers; EU cannot verify the claim | acknowledges it cannot verify Morocco's claim | Morocco | 2025 | Agriculture, livestock and food |
| Kenyan forest guards shoot dead Sengwer herder Robert Kirotich during evictions | donor; suspended support for the WaTER programme | Kenya | 2018–2024 | Killings and repression of defenders |
| EU bans offset-based neutrality claims from 27 September 2026 | adopted the directive | European Union | 2024–2026 | Carbon credits |
| EU court rejects Austria's challenge to green label for gas and nuclear | set the taxonomy rules | European Union | 2022–2025 | Finance, funds and markets |
Appears alongside
Kenya Forest Service ×4Government of Indonesia ×4World Bank ×3World Trade Organization ×3Greenpeace ×2Human Rights Watch ×2Survival International ×2International Finance Corporation (IFC) ×2The Nature Conservancy ×2Mare Shipping Inc.Universe MaritimeLondon Steam-Ship Owners' Mutual Insurance Association (London P&I Club)International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds)Government of SpainGovernment of FranceGovernment of PortugalXunta de GaliciaAmerican Bureau of ShippingCrown Resources AGLloyd's of LondonRepsol YPFGovernment of TürkiyeNational Audit OfficeBasel Action NetworkAfrican ParksOmnia StrategyLegacy Landscapes FundRob Walton FoundationUS Fish and Wildlife ServiceIUCNUNESCO World Heritage CommitteeGovernment of the Republic of CongoBalearic Government (Govern balear)Consell de FormenteraRed EléctricaEcoAct (Atos/Eviden)Schneider ElectricISPRA (Italian environment agency)UN Development ProgrammeGlobal Environment FacilityWWFOCDHRio TintoGovernment of SerbiaConstitutional Court of SerbiaMarš sa DrineCompliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO)Accountability CounselGovernment of KenyaMinority Rights GroupForest Peoples ProgrammeUN special rapporteursInternational Labour OrganizationCotton CampaignUzbek Forum for Human RightsGovernment of UzbekistanIndorama AgroEuropean Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentAsian Development BankVeblen InstituteEuropean ParliamentEuropean CommissionUnited States GovernmentUS Environmental Protection AgencyBAFUExxonMobilChevronKochTotalEnergiesPublic CitizenMalaysiaGovernment of MoroccoOCP (Office Chérifien des Phosphates)Sengwer communityAustria
Terms used on this page
Carbon and conservation finance
- Carbon credit
- A certificate representing one tonne of carbon dioxide (or equivalent) that a project says it reduced, avoided or removed. Buyers use credits to balance their own emissions in climate claims.