Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / NGO · International

Human Rights Watch

Appears in 11 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
Ngorongoro and Loliondo relocationsNGO; reported services cutTanzania1992–2026Protected area / relocation
Plastic waste imports into Türkiye (Adana)Reported health impacts on recycling workers and residents (2022)Türkiye2016–2026Plastic waste and recycling claims
Southern Cardamom REDD+ project and the arrest of Pork Nget (Cambodia)Author of the 2024 reportCambodia2015–2025Carbon credits
Uzbek cotton boycott ends forced labourHuman rights investigatorUzbekistan2017–2026Agriculture, livestock and food
Cambodia REDD+ indigenous consultation failureAuthor of the 2024 reportCambodia2015–2025Carbon credits
Marange diamonds and the Kimberley Process (Zimbabwe)NGO that reported the killingsZimbabwe2008–2025Mining
UK packaging recycling notes (PRN) system and export fraudNGO; interviewed workers in TurkeyUnited Kingdom2009–2025Plastic waste and recycling claims
Boké bauxite mining and the CBG expansionResearcher and reporterGuinea1974–2025Mining
ICVCM approves three REDD+ methods; older Verra methods left outpublished the 2024 report on the voluntary carbon marketGlobal2023–2024Carbon credits
Uzbek cotton clusters took farmers' land and set quotas, rights group reportsPublished the 2026 reportUzbekistan2017–2026Agriculture, livestock and food
Chepang man dies in army custody after Chitwan park detention; homes reportedly burnedReported the caseNepal2020Protected area / relocation

Carbon and conservation finance

Carbon credit
A certificate representing one tonne of carbon dioxide (or equivalent) that a project says it reduced, avoided or removed. Buyers use credits to balance their own emissions in climate claims.
Voluntary carbon market
Trade in carbon credits bought by choice, mostly by companies, outside legally binding emission schemes.