Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / NGO ·

Greenpeace

Appears in 21 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
McKinsey advice to COP28 presidency and fossil clientsAuthor of the 2011 report on McKinsey's cost curvesUnited Arab Emirates2011–2025Carbon credits
Plastic waste imports into Türkiye (Adana)Reported UK plastic at Adana dumping sites (2021)Türkiye2016–2026Plastic waste and recycling claims
Alliance to End Plastic Waste and Renew Oceans (Ganges)Its Unearthed unit published the 2024 comparisonIndia2019–2026Plastic waste and recycling claims
Resolute Forest Products v GreenpeaceDefendant in the US case; campaignerCanada2012–2024Killings and repression of defenders
Turmeric, neem, basmati, Nap Hal patent revocationsDeclared victory on the Nap Hal wheat revocationIndia2004–2022Genetic resources and benefit-sharing
EDF spying on Greenpeace (France)Organisation placed under surveillance; awarded damages at first instanceFrance2011–2013Killings and repression of defenders
Raja Ampat nickel licences revokedCampaign organisation; reported more than 500 hectares destroyedIndonesia2025Mining
Coca-Cola plastic pledges and brand auditsAnalyst of the alliance's resultsUnited States2018Plastic waste and recycling claims
Brent Spar decommissioning controversy (North Sea)Campaigner in the Brent Spar controversyUnited Kingdom1995–2019Liability shifting (spin-offs, bankruptcy, closure bonds)
UK packaging recycling notes (PRN) system and export fraudNGO; found UK plastic at sites in AdanaUnited Kingdom2009–2025Plastic waste and recycling claims
Energy Transfer v Greenpeace (Dakota Access)Defendant in the federal suitUnited States2017–2026Killings and repression of defenders
Shell and Greenpeace settle Penguins FPSO case; Greenpeace pays RNLI £300,000Defendant; paid the RNLI and accepted exclusion zonesUnited Kingdom2023–2024Killings and repression of defenders
Russia declares WWF and Greenpeace 'undesirable' organisationsDeclared undesirable and closed in RussiaRussia2023Law, regulation and treaties
EU seal-product ban's Inuit exemption found ineffectiveCampaigner; apology issuer (unverified)Canada2014Lobbying, PR and greenwashing
Hess agreed to buy at least US$750 million of Guyana forest creditsCampaign group that criticised the planGuyana2011–2032Carbon credits
Russia labels WWF Russia a foreign agent, then an undesirable organisationDeclared undesirable on 19 May 2023Russia2023Protected area / relocation
EU bans three neonicotinoid pesticides outdoors in 2018; Turkey follows in partcampaigner and reporter on exportsEuropean Union2018Law, regulation and treaties
Greenpeace leaves the Forest Stewardship Council in 2018Organisation that ended its FSC membershipGlobal2018Tanker / shipping
Greenpeace says fisheries scientist Ray Hilborn got $3.56m from seafood groupscomplainant; reported the funding figuresUnited States2003–2016Water use
Indonesia's forest moratorium: ministry cited 38% less clearing, Greenpeace disputed itcritic; published satellite analysisIndonesia2011–2019Law, regulation and treaties
Corporate suits against Greenpeace (TotalEnergies, Shell, Resolute)Defendant in all three suitsFrance, United Kingdom, United States2019–2024Killings and repression of defenders

Carbon and conservation finance

Carbon credit
A certificate representing one tonne of carbon dioxide (or equivalent) that a project says it reduced, avoided or removed. Buyers use credits to balance their own emissions in climate claims.

Science and environment

Hectare (ha)
A unit of area equal to 10,000 square metres, about 2.5 acres. 100 hectares make one square kilometre.

Bonds and banking

Liquidation, insolvency, bankruptcy
Legal processes that apply when a company cannot pay its debts; its assets are sold and claims against it may go unpaid.