Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / Government · Norway

Government of Norway

Appears in 6 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
Fosen wind farm and Sámi reindeer herdersGovernmentNorway2016–2024Wind, hydro and other renewables
Costa Rica payments for ecosystem services and forest recoveryPaid USD 2 million for the only carbon sale recordedCosta Rica1997Protected area / relocation
Tropical Forest Forever FacilityPledged about 3 billion dollars (part conditional)Brazil2025Debt-for-nature swap
EU taxonomy hydropower exemption and California large hydro exclusionGovernment that supported the exemptionEuropean Union / United States2002–2021Wind, hydro and other renewables
Norway postpones deep-sea mining licensing to 2029 in budget dealGovernment that postponed the licensingNorway2025–2029Mining
Namibia landed thousands of tonnes of pilchard as bycatch under moratoriumRan a 2024 independent biomass studyNamibia1994–2024Fishing ban

Carbon and conservation finance

Debt-for-nature swap
A deal in which a government's debt is bought back or refinanced at a discount, and part of the savings is committed to conservation.

Science and environment

Biomass, root-to-shoot ratio, carbon fraction
Biomass is the dry weight of living plants per hectare. The root-to-shoot ratio adds the weight of roots. The carbon fraction is the share of that weight that is carbon, about 47% in tropical forests.