Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / Public authority · United States

US Environmental Protection Agency

Appears in 37 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
BP Deepwater Horizon: the spill, the court cases and the recovery claimsSuspended BP from new federal contracts, 2012–2014United States2010–2031Oil spill
Exxon Valdez: the spill, insurance and court casesFederal regulator in the 1991 settlementUnited States1989–2015Oil spill
DuPont PFOA (C8) at Washington Works, Parkersburg, and the Tennant farmRegulator; 2005 penaltyUnited States1981–2026Chemical pollution
Gulf of Mexico dead zone (Mississippi nutrient runoff)Clean Water Act regulatorUnited States1985–2026Water use
US Superfund tax and funding shortfallAdministers Superfund; reports responsible-party commitmentsUnited States1980–2025Liability shifting (spin-offs, bankruptcy, closure bonds)
Chemours spin-off liabilitiesRegulator in the December 2005 PFOA caseUnited States2015–2025Liability shifting (spin-offs, bankruptcy, closure bonds)
Diamond Shamrock Lister Avenue dioxin, Passaic RiverSelected the 2016 lower Passaic remedyUnited States1984–1993Insurance declined or withdrawn
3M PFOS: internal evidence, EPA penalty and Minnesota settlementRegulator; TSCA charge closed 2006United States1979–2026Chemical pollution
Paraquat litigation (Syngenta/Chevron) and the Paraquat PapersRegulator; 2021 interim decision and 2025 withdrawalUnited States1958–2026Pesticides and agrochemicals
PFAS water utility settlements by 3M, DuPont, Chemours and CortevaRegulator; drinking-water limits for PFOA and PFOSUnited States2023–2036Chemical pollution
1,4-dioxane in Tide: Prop 65 settlement and New York limitRegulator; revised risk determinationUnited States2011–2024Chemical pollution
Portland Harbor Superfund cleanup plan (Willamette River, Oregon)Regulator; issued the draft plan and the final Superfund decisionUnited States2016–2017Chemical pollution
Dicamba drift (Bader Farms) and EPA re-registrationRegulator; re-registered dicamba in February 2026United States2015–2026Pesticides and agrochemicals
Paraquat bans, UK production for export and Chinese exportsRegulator; interim decision of 2021 and January 2025 announcementUnited Kingdom1989–2026Pesticides and agrochemicals
US coal ash ponds, groundwater contamination and EPA delayRegulatorUnited States2015–2026Chemical pollution
Holcim Geocycle and brand-cement plastic co-processingRegulator; found no meaningful climate benefit from burning plastic instead of coal in kilns (as reported)Global2021–2026Plastic waste and recycling claims
Make Sunsets stratospheric balloon launches (Mexico)Regulator that requested informationMexico2022–2025Carbon capture and climate intervention
Nonylphenol ethoxylates: Swiss ban and EU restrictionPublished the nonylphenol ethoxylate action planSwitzerland1984–2014Chemical pollution
Starbase launch site, Boca Chica, Texas: environmental review, penalties and Starship debrisFederal environmental regulator; found Clean Water Act violationsUnited States2022–2025Space debris and re-entry
Roundup litigation, settlements and legal shield (Bayer/Monsanto)Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warningUnited States2009–2026Pesticides and agrochemicals
California v. ExxonMobil: plastics recycling claims and the Baytown plantRejected the mass balance method for its Safer Choice label, per ProPublicaUnited States2021–2026Plastic waste and recycling claims
Trump's EPA keeps Biden-era veto on Alaska's Pebble mineIssued and reaffirmed the vetoUnited States2023–2025Waste management
Mosaic settles US hazardous-waste case over phosphogypsum handlingRegulator that inspected the sites and signed the settlementUnited States2015Waste management
AES coal ash sold as road fill in Guayama, Puerto Rico; arsenic above standardFederal regulator promising actionUnited States2021Oil, gas and coal operations
GE ran a 'Let Nature Clean Up the Hudson' campaign against EPA dredgingRegulator that ordered and certified the dredgingUnited States2009–2015Chemical pollution
After Sackett ruling, NRDC says at least 60% of individual wetlands are unprotectedDefendant in Sackett; named in reported 2025 and 2026 proposals to narrow the test (not verified)United States2023Protected area / relocation
Greens report: parts of German glyphosate assessment copied Monsanto fileUS regulator; former staff moved to Monsanto; Rowland remark reportedGermany2015–2025Water use
Stockholm Convention agrees chlorpyrifos phase-out with 22 uses exemptedregulatorUnited States2021–2025Pesticides and agrochemicals
ADM Decatur carbon storage site leaks about 8,000 tons, EPA findsregulator that found a violationUnited States2023–2024Water use
Former EPA chief Lisa Jackson named interim chair of Conservation InternationalWithdrew the Range Resources emergency order in 2012United States2012–2026Law, regulation and treaties
EPA repeals 2009 greenhouse gas endangerment finding on legal groundsIssued the repealUnited States2026Law, regulation and treaties
GenX chemical found in Cape Fear River, a DuPont and Chemours replacement for PFOAFound in 2021 that GenX was more toxic than previously thoughtUnited States2009Chemical pollution
Court reverses $60 million punitive award in dicamba caseApproved over-the-top dicamba use for 2026 and 2027United States2015–2026Pesticides and agrochemicals
US power-plant sulfur emissions fell over 95%, EPA sayspublished the programme resultsUnited States1990–2022Law, regulation and treaties
US bans DDT in 1972; bald eagle breeding pairs reboundissued the 1972 DDT banUnited States1972–2019Pesticides and agrochemicals
US Supreme Court blocks state cancer-warning suits against pesticide makersApproved the labels; announced the paraquat reviewUnited States2026Pesticides and agrochemicals
Monsanto/Bayer PCB and Roundup insurance suit v AIGRegulator; the sources reviewed say it told Bayer it would not accept a cancer warningUnited States1967–2026Pesticides and agrochemicals
Appears alongside
US Department of Justice ×5Corteva ×5Monsanto ×5US Supreme Court ×4AIG ×4DuPont ×4Chemours ×4Bayer ×4NOAA ×3Syngenta ×3Lloyd's of London ×2The Nature Conservancy ×2Exxon Corporation (ExxonMobil from 1999) ×2State of New Jersey ×23M ×2American Water Works Association (AWWA) ×2US Fish and Wildlife Service ×2BPTransoceanHalliburtonAnadarko PetroleumMOEX (Mitsui Oil Exploration)Cameron InternationalWeatherfordJupiter Insurance Ltd (BP captive)Ranger InsuranceChubb Global MarketsHouston CasualtyDeepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment TrusteesNational Fish and Wildlife FoundationUS Securities and Exchange CommissionU.S. PIRGMunich ReSwiss ReHannover ReExxon Shipping CompanyInternational Tanker Indemnity AssociationBrandywine Reassurance (CIGNA Re run-off)State of AlaskaExxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee CouncilAllianzC8 Science PanelWeinberg GroupLouisiana State University / LUMCONUS Geological SurveyHypoxia Task ForceUS CongressDiamond Shamrock ChemicalsMaxus Energy CorporationAetna Casualty & SuretyNew Jersey Department of Environmental ProtectionYPFRepsol YPFMinnesota Attorney GeneralChevronImperial Chemical Industries (ICI)CropLife AmericaMichael J. Fox FoundationEU Court of First InstanceProcter & GambleWomen's Voices for the EarthPort of PortlandWillamette RiverkeeperBASFANVISA (Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency)Swiss Federal CouncilCourt of First Instance of the European Communities (now the General Court)Public EyeUnearthed (Greenpeace)Duke EnergyAES Puerto RicoAmerican Coal Ash AssociationEarthjusticeHolcim (Geocycle)Make SunsetsBoost VCPioneer FundSilverLiningGovernment of MexicoEuropean UnionBAFUSpaceXFederal Aviation Administration (FAA)Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ)Center for Biological DiversityModern Ag AllianceInternational Agency for Research on CancerUS Right to KnowEuropean Food Safety AuthorityCalifornia Attorney General's OfficeBerry GlobalUS National Renewable Energy LaboratoryThe Mosaic CompanyAESGeneral ElectricState of New YorkNatural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)Environmental Defense FundBfRUPLFMC CorporationADMConservation InternationalRange ResourcesAppleExxonMobilVehicle and engine manufacturersStockholm Convention secretariat
Terms used on this page

Bonds and banking

Liquidation, insolvency, bankruptcy
Legal processes that apply when a company cannot pay its debts; its assets are sold and claims against it may go unpaid.

Science and environment

PFOA (C8) and PFAS
PFAS are a large family of human-made chemicals that persist in the environment and the body; PFOA, also called C8, is one of them and was used to make Teflon.