Cases / Pesticides and agrochemicals · United States · 2009–2026
Roundup litigation, settlements and legal shield (Bayer/Monsanto)
Nature's voice · report
No measurement of the harm done to me here is on record.
Did nature suffer? Not measured.
What the record lacks: 3 none on record · 2 not disclosed · 3 insufficient · 1 not measured · 6 disputed · 2 unclear See the gaps
Bayer announced settlements of up to $10.9 billion (2020) and up to $7.25 billion (2026) over Roundup cancer claims. In June 2026 the US Supreme Court ruled 7-2 that federal pesticide law bars state-law claims that require a cancer warning on the label.
$10.9bn + $7.25bnRoundup settlements announced by Bayer (2020 and 2026)
Both are 'up to' amounts announced by Bayer, not totals paid. The 2026 settlement is payable over up to 21 years.
Both are 'up to' amounts announced by Bayer, not totals paid. The 2026 settlement is payable over up to 21 years.
Status As of October 2026: the US Supreme Court ruled 7-2 (25 June 2026) that federal law bars state failure-to-warn claims; Bayer's class settlement of up to $7.25 billion awaited final approval in Missouri; Bayer's insurance suit against AIG was pending.
What?
Bayer and Monsanto faced about 100,000 US lawsuits alleging that Roundup caused cancer, announced settlements of up to $10.9 billion (2020) and up to $7.25 billion (2026), and won a 7-2 US Supreme Court ruling that federal pesticide law bars state-law warning claims. Faegre Drinker
Where?
United States (courts, state legislatures, EPA); also Thailand, Mexico and Argentina.
When?
Lawsuits from before 2018; settlements June 2020 and February 2026; Supreme Court ruling 25 June 2026. Faegre Drinker
Who?
Gained
- Bayer and Monsanto — Roundup stayed on sale (herbicide sales of EUR 1.155 billion in Q3 2025); the Supreme Court ruling closed most state failure-to-warn claims Faegre Drinker
Lost
- Bayer's shareholders — Dividend cut to the legal minimum; net loss of EUR 3.62 billion in 2025
- Claimants alleging cancer — State-law warning claims barred by the June 2026 ruling Faegre Drinker
Why?
Bayer sought a uniform national label so that state-law cancer-warning claims could not proceed.
How?
State label laws backed by the Modern Ag Alliance, then a Supreme Court ruling under FIFRA, with EPA declining to accept a cancer warning. Investigate Midwest
6 of 6 questions answered from the record
What happened
The record, in order.
Roundup is a glyphosate-based herbicide that, according to the research record, has been on sale since 1974. By 2020 about 100,000 people had filed lawsuits in the United States alleging that it caused cancer. In 2018 a jury in Johnson v. Monsanto awarded a school groundskeeper $289.2 million; the award was reduced to $78.5 million and then to $20.5 million on appeal. The International Agency for Research on Cancer had classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic in 2015.
On 24 June 2020 Bayer announced agreements to settle the Roundup claims for up to $10.9 billion, with no admission of liability, alongside up to $400 million for dicamba drift claims and about $820 million for PCB water claims. On 17 February 2026 Bayer announced a class settlement of up to $7.25 billion; the research record describes payments spread over up to 21 years and about 65,000 claimants, and final approval was still pending in Missouri.
On 25 June 2026 the US Supreme Court decided Monsanto v. Durnell by 7 votes to 2. It held that the federal pesticide law (FIFRA) bars state-law claims that require a cancer warning not on the label approved by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and it vacated a $1.25 million award to the plaintiff. The federal government, through a Justice Department lawyer, took the company's side. The sources reviewed note that the ruling concerned which law governs warnings and did not decide whether glyphosate is safe. They also record that EPA told Bayer it would not accept a cancer warning, that Bayer used that letter at the Supreme Court, and that, in material concerning Bayer and EPA Administrator Zeldin, a meeting agenda carried an item saying Bayer would present a small thank-you.
Regulators and scientific bodies have taken different positions on glyphosate. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classified it as "probably carcinogenic" (Group 2A, a hazard classification) in 2015. The US Environmental Protection Agency has said it is "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans"; a court set aside the health part of that decision in 2022, and a new assessment is expected at the end of 2026. The European Food Safety Authority found no critical area of concern and reported no firm conclusion for biodiversity.
In the federal cases consolidated in Illinois (MDL 3004), a settlement letter with a confidential amount was signed in April 2025, when more than 5,800 federal cases were pending; by July 2026 there were more than 8,000 and none had gone before a jury. The judge sent claimants who rejected the settlement to a special master, and one law firm said 183 of its 217 clients had left the settlement. Objectors to the class settlement said that seriously ill claimants lose under it and that class counsel earn fees; some lawyers put the average payout after liens and fees at $100,000 or less.
Before the ruling, Bayer backed state laws on pesticide labels. The Modern Ag Alliance, founded by Bayer and with a Bayer vice president on its board, spent at least $1.8 million on lobbying in Tennessee; laws were passed in North Dakota and Georgia in 2025 and Kentucky in 2026. Investigate Midwest reported in April 2025 on Bayer's effort to block Roundup lawsuits.
The record also notes Bayer's finances and the science around glyphosate. Roundup herbicide sales were EUR 1.155 billion in the third quarter of 2025, and Bayer closed 2025 with a net loss of EUR 3.62 billion. Bayer sued its insurer AIG in St. Louis County, Missouri, in December 2025 after AIG refused to cover the Roundup and PCB settlements. In November 2025 a 2000 review that found glyphosate safe was retracted because Monsanto employees' authorship had not been disclosed, according to US Right to Know.
- 2009An Argentine scientist reports disruptions in amphibian embryos exposed to glyphosate
- 2015IARC classifies glyphosate as probably carcinogenic
- 2018Johnson v. Monsanto: jury awards $289.2 million (later $78.5 million, then $20.5 million)
- 2019Thailand reverses its glyphosate ban (27 November) after US officials intervene, according to emails
- 2019EU General Court judgment orders disclosure of glyphosate studies (7 March)
- 2020Bayer announces settlements of up to $10.9 billion (24 June)
- 2022A court sets aside the health part of EPA's glyphosate decision
- 2025Investigate Midwest on Bayer's push for state label laws (April); a 2000 glyphosate review is retracted (November); Bayer sues AIG (December)
- 2025Confidential settlement letter in the federal MDL 3004 (April)
- 2026Bayer announces a class settlement of up to $7.25 billion (17 February); Supreme Court rules 7-2 in Monsanto v. Durnell (25 June)
What was said
Claims, in the words of those who made them.
“meritless excuses and purported defenses”
Where accounts differ
Each party's account, side by side, with its source. The record does not settle these points; it shows them.
Does federal pesticide law bar state-law claims that Roundup should carry a cancer warning?
Company or project
Bayer
The EPA-approved label complies with federal rules and EPA does not require a cancer warning (as summarised in the sources reviewed).
Courts
US Supreme Court
Held 7-2 that FIFRA bars state-law claims that require a warning not on the EPA-approved label.
Faegre DrinkerCourts
Juries in Roundup trials
A jury awarded a school groundskeeper $289.2 million in Johnson v. Monsanto (later reduced).
Business Insurance/ReutersGovernment and regulators
US Environmental Protection Agency
Told Bayer it would not accept a cancer warning on the label.
International bodies
IARC
Classified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic in 2015.
Government and regulators
US Department of Justice
Supported Monsanto in Monsanto v. Durnell.
Press and investigations
The New Lede
The ruling limited plaintiffs' claims.
Is glyphosate carcinogenic, and what is its effect on biodiversity?
International bodies
IARC
Classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic" in 2015 (Group 2A, a hazard classification).
US Environmental Protection AgencyGovernment and regulators
US EPA
Said glyphosate is not likely to be carcinogenic to humans; a court set aside the health part of that decision in 2022 and a new assessment is expected at the end of 2026.
US Environmental Protection AgencyGovernment and regulators
EFSA
Found no critical area of concern; no definitive conclusion for biodiversity.
US Environmental Protection AgencyIs the class settlement fair to claimants?
Communities and civil society
Objectors to the class settlement
Seriously ill claimants lose under it; class counsel earn fees.
Communities and civil society
Claimants in the federal MDL
After liens and fees little will remain; some lawyers put the average payout at $100,000 or less.
Was the 2000 glyphosate safety review independent?
Communities and civil society
US Right to Know
The review was retracted in November 2025 because Monsanto employees' authorship was not disclosed.
US Right to KnowCompany or project
Bayer
The contribution was disclosed in the acknowledgements.
How it looked
What was shown, beside what was recorded.
Shown
- The label approved by the EPA complies with federal rules and EPA does not require a cancer warning.Bayer, as summarised in the sources reviewed
- Bayer publicised the Durnell ruling and the class settlement in media releasesBayer · Bayer
Recorded
- Bayer's June 2020 announcement covered up to $10.9 billion for Roundup claims, up to $400 million for dicamba drift and about $820 million for PCB water claims, with no admission of liability. Researchers did not open the release; figures came from secondary reports.
- Johnson v. Monsanto: the award of $289.2 million was reduced to $78.5 million, then to $20.5 million.
- On 17 February 2026 Bayer announced a class settlement of up to $7.25 billion over up to 21 years; about 65,000 claimants; final approval pending in Missouri.
- Monsanto v. Durnell, 25 June 2026: 7-2; FIFRA bars state claims that require a cancer warning not approved by EPA.
- The Supreme Court vacated a $1.25 million award to the plaintiff in Monsanto v. Durnell.
- The federal government, through a Justice Department lawyer, took the company's side in Durnell.
- EPA told Bayer it would not accept a cancer warning, and Bayer used that letter at the Supreme Court. In material concerning Bayer and EPA Administrator Zeldin, a meeting agenda carried an item saying Bayer would present a small thank-you.
- Modern Ag Alliance: founded by Bayer; a Bayer vice president sits on its board; at least $1.8 million on lobbying in Tennessee; label laws passed in North Dakota and Georgia (2025) and Kentucky (2026). Investigate Midwest reported on Bayer's effort in April 2025.
- In 2019 Thailand reversed a glyphosate ban on 27 November. Emails obtained through a freedom-of-information request showed Bayer's trade director had mobilised US Department of Agriculture and Trade Representative officials; the USDA under-secretary, Ted McKinney, who had worked about 19 years at Dow AgroSciences, wrote to Thailand's prime minister asking for a delay. A USDA chief of staff who handled Bayer's requests later joined Bayer; Bayer denies the link.
- In Mexico, Bayer and CropLife America worked with US trade officials against Mexico's glyphosate ban.
- A 2000 review by Williams, Kroes and Munro that found glyphosate safe was retracted in November 2025 because it relied only on Monsanto's unpublished studies and the authorship of Monsanto employees had not been disclosed, according to US Right to Know.
- In 2019 the German risk-assessment institute BfR's glyphosate report contained sections of which up to 50% came from the application dossier.
- An Argentine scientist announced in April 2009 that glyphosate disrupted the development of amphibian embryos; soy covered about 17 million hectares and about 200 million litres of glyphosate were used each year in Argentina.
- On 7 March 2019 the EU General Court ruled that glyphosate studies be opened to the public.
- Roundup herbicide sales were EUR 1.155 billion in the third quarter of 2025; Bayer closed 2025 with a net loss of EUR 3.62 billion.
- EPA has said glyphosate is "not likely to be carcinogenic to humans"; a court set aside the health part of that decision in 2022 and a new assessment is expected at the end of 2026. EFSA found no critical area of concern and no definitive conclusion for biodiversity.
- In MDL 3004 (federal court, Illinois) a settlement letter with a confidential amount was signed in April 2025 with more than 5,800 cases pending; by July 2026 there were more than 8,000 and none had reached a jury. The judge sent claimants who rejected the settlement to a special master.
- The Supreme Court did not rule on whether glyphosate causes cancer; the US Department of Justice supported Monsanto in the case. The New Lede reported that the ruling limited plaintiffs' claims.
Who gained
Money that reached nature, beside money that stayed elsewhere.
Reached nature or the ground
Not published
No figure published.
Gained elsewhere
Not totalled
Settlement announced by Bayer, June 2020 (Roundup claims, no admission of liability)$10.9bn
Proposed class settlement, payable over up to 21 years$7.3bn
Currency: USD · Window: 2020-2026. All figures cover the same period. * Estimate built from cited figures.
Responses on record
- Bayer (24 June 2020): Announced settlements of up to $10.9 billion without admission of liability. · Bayer
- Bayer (25 June 2026): Published a release headlined as announcing that Monsanto won a landmark Roundup case at the US Supreme Court (headline taken from the release's web address). · Bayer
- Bayer (Date not stated): Denied a link between a former USDA chief of staff's handling of its requests and that official's later move to Bayer.
- AIG (2024-2025): Refused to cover the Roundup and PCB settlements; its grounds are not public. · News Tribune
- US Environmental Protection Agency (2026): Told Bayer it would not accept a cancer warning on the label.
- Bayer (17 February 2026): Announced a class settlement of up to $7.25 billion. · Bayer
- Bayer and Monsanto (December 2025): In their complaint against AIG they described the insurers' reasons for refusing cover as "meritless excuses and purported defenses". · News Tribune
- Bayer (2025): Said the contribution of Monsanto employees to the retracted 2000 glyphosate review was disclosed in the paper's acknowledgements.
In court and with insurers
Every proceeding and every insurer decision on record.
Lawsuits and rulings
- Not stated–2018 verdict; reduced on appeal by 2020Reduced on appeal$20500bn Award after reductions ($289.2m, then $78.5m)Johnson v. MonsantoCalifornia courts (trial and appeal) · Civil · A school groundskeeper → Monsanto
A jury awarded $289.2 million in 2018. The award was reduced to $78.5 million, then to $20.5 million. Business Insurance/Reuters
- Not stated–2020-06-24Settled$10900000bn Up to $10.9 billionSettlement of about 100,000 Roundup claimsPrivate settlement agreements (US) · Civil · About 100,000 claimants → Bayer and Monsanto
Bayer announced agreements to settle US Roundup cancer lawsuits with no admission of liability. Bayer
- 2026-02–Not decidedOngoing$7250000bn Up to $7.25 billion over up to 21 yearsRoundup class settlementMissouri court (final approval pending) · Class action · About 65,000 claimants → Bayer and Monsanto
Bayer announced the class settlement on 17 February 2026. Final approval was pending at the time of the latest source. Bayer
- Not stated–2026-06-25Defendant won$1250bn Award vacatedMonsanto v. DurnellUS Supreme Court · Appeal · Durnell (plaintiff in the underlying claim) → Monsanto
By 7 votes to 2 the Court held that FIFRA bars state-law claims that require a cancer warning not on the EPA-approved label, and vacated a $1.25 million award. Faegre Drinker
- OngoingRoundup federal multidistrict litigation (MDL 3004)US federal court, Illinois · Civil · Roundup claimants → Monsanto
A confidential settlement letter was signed in April 2025 with more than 5,800 federal cases pending; by July 2026 there were more than 8,000 and none had reached a jury. The judge sent claimants who rejected the settlement to a special master; one firm said 183 of its 217 clients had opted out.
Insurers
- 2025In litigationAIG → Monsanto and BayerStated reason: Grounds not public; the complaint calls them meritless excuses and purported defenses.
Bayer sued AIG in St. Louis County, Missouri, in early December 2025 over excess policies running from June 1967 to April 1986. Payment demands were sent in July 2024 (Roundup) and October 2024 (PCBs). The case was pending. News Tribune
What nature saw
Outcomes measured on the ground, and nature's note.
Nature's report opens this page. Below: further outcomes measured on the ground.
Herbicide-resistant weed cases
548
275 species, June 2026; counts all herbicides, not glyphosate alone
Glyphosate and amphibian embryos
Disruptions reported
An Argentine scientist, April 2009; soy on about 17 million hectares, about 200 million litres a year
Biodiversity effect of glyphosate
No firm conclusion
Summary of IARC, EPA and EFSA positions; EFSA reported no definitive conclusion for biodiversity
Court ruling on whether glyphosate causes cancer
None
The Supreme Court decided who may require a warning, not the health question
What we don't know
Undisclosed, unproven, untried: recorded as data.
Nature
- Not measured Harm to nature: The record holds no measurement of harm to nature.
Accounts
Record
- None on record AIG's grounds for refusing cover are not public; Bayer's complaint calls them meritless excuses and purported defenses.
- None on record The research record found no information on insurer contributions to the Roundup settlements or on tax deductions; the settlements were private.
- Disputed Figures conflict in the record: Bayer's litigation provision is given as EUR 5 billion in one entry and EUR 11.8 billion in another; the cut of Bayer's dividend to the legal minimum of EUR 0.11 is dated to 2022 in one entry and to 2024 in another.
- Disputed The outcome of an EPA Inspector General inquiry and of the ATSDR review of glyphosate is recorded in contradictory ways in the sources.
- Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: Bayer bought Monsanto in 2018 for about $63 billion; preliminary approval of the class settlement was given in March 2026; payments of $10,000 to $165,000 per person.
- Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: a Monsanto employee's email quoting an EPA official on glyphosate, and a Monsanto email about ghostwriting.
- Not disclosed Roundup profit figures are not published; the sources reviewed give no ratio between payments and gains.
- None on record The Supreme Court did not decide whether glyphosate causes cancer.
- Not disclosed The amount of the confidential MDL 3004 settlement letter is not disclosed.
- Unclear Reported ranges of individual payments in the class settlement differ between sources (from $6,000 or $10,000 to $165,000 and above); final approval is reported pending in Missouri as of October 2026.
- Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: that glyphosate was found in 80% of 112 rain samples in Argentina's Pampa region (Alonso et al., 2018).
- Unclear The effect of the ruling on pending paraquat cases has not been analysed in the sources reviewed.
Did the harm stop?
Roundup remained on sale in the latest sources; the Supreme Court ruling of June 2026 closed most state-law failure-to-warn claims, and a class settlement of up to $7.25 billion awaited final approval.
Who paid?
Bayer's shareholders carried the settlement costs (dividend cut to the legal minimum; net loss of EUR 3.62 billion in 2025); claimants who alleged cancer lost state-law warning claims after the June 2026 ruling.
Sources
Voices on record: ✓ Company or project✓ Government and regulators— Courts✓ Press and investigations✓ Communities and civil society— Researchers
Company or project
Government and regulators
- EU General Court judgment of 7 March 2019 on access to glyphosate studies (Ombudsman news item)European Network of Ombudsmen · 2019-03-07
- Glyphosate (EPA ingredient page)US Environmental Protection Agency ·
Press and investigations
- Supreme Court decides Monsanto v. DurnellFaegre Drinker · 2026-06
- Monsanto Co. v. Durnell (encyclopaedia entry; secondary source)Wikipedia · 2026-06
- Bayer loses California appeal of Roundup verdict, damages reducedBusiness Insurance/Reuters · 2020
- Bayer's effort to block Roundup lawsuits kicks into high gearInvestigate Midwest · 2025-04-30
- Report on glyphosate and amphibian embryos (title not captured)IPS · 2009-04-15
- Bayer sues AIG insurance to help with legal billsNews Tribune · 2025-12-06
Communities and civil society
- Landmark glyphosate safety study retracted for Monsanto ghostwritingUS Right to Know · 2025-12-03
Connected cases
Related matters, and cases linked to this one through the same organisations, with the role each played in both.
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- Monsanto (Company) — here: Roundup maker; defendant; there: Original insured; PCB and Roundup defendant
- US Supreme Court (Court) — here: Decided Monsanto v. Durnell; there: Decided Monsanto v. Durnell, 7–2
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Regulator; the sources reviewed say it told Bayer it would not accept a cancer warning
- AIG (Insurer) — here: Insurer that refused cover; there: Insurer that declined cover; defendant
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- Monsanto (Company) — here: Roundup maker; defendant; there: Defendant in the Anniston and later PCB settlements
- AIG (Insurer) — here: Insurer that refused cover; there: Excess insurer; defendant in Bayer's suit over cover for PCB and Roundup settlements
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- AIG (Insurer) — here: Insurer that refused cover; there: Participant in the excess programme
- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: Prosecutor and civil claimant
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- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: Prosecutor and civil claimant
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- Monsanto (Company) — here: Roundup maker; defendant; there: Client of Harrison's firm; published a parody of Carson
- Holcim Geocycle and brand-cement plastic co-processing Global · 2021–2026
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Regulator; found no meaningful climate benefit from burning plastic instead of coal in kilns (as reported)
- Insurers of the Carmichael coal mine Australia · 2015–2025
- AIG (Insurer) — here: Insurer that refused cover; there: Not ruled out; insured on-ground works until 30 September 2019
- Jury awards $250 million punitive damages over dicamba drift, later overturned United States · 2020–2022
- Monsanto (Company) — here: Roundup maker; defendant; there: defendant
- Kerr-McGee / Anadarko fraudulent transfer settlement United States · 2014–2015
- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: Announced the settlement
- Major agrochemical firms buy biological input makers and sell organic-approved lines Multiple countries · 2012–2023
- Bayer (Company) — here: Parent company of Monsanto; settlement payer; there: Acquirer of AgraQuest; organic seed launch
- Make Sunsets stratospheric balloon launches (Mexico) Mexico · 2022–2025
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Regulator that requested information
- Monsanto admits illegal pesticide use in Hawaii and pays $10.2 million United States · 2019
- Monsanto (Company) — here: Roundup maker; defendant; there: Company that admitted the violation
- Montrose DDT insurance case United States · 1947–2020
- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: Announced the December 2000 DDT settlement
- New York appeals court sides with AIG units in PFAS coverage dispute United States · 1961–2022
- AIG (Insurer) — here: Insurer that refused cover; there: insurer whose units New Hampshire Insurance Co. and Granite State were defendants
- NextEra unit ESI Energy admits at least 150 eagle deaths at US wind farms United States · 2012–2022
- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: prosecutor that described the permit policy
- Nonylphenol ethoxylates: Swiss ban and EU restriction Switzerland · 1984–2014
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Published the nonylphenol ethoxylate action plan
- Ohio HB6 bribery scandal United States · 2017–2026
- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: Prosecuted; recorded a $230m payment by the company
- Pará state pre-sold 12 million REDD+ credits; federal prosecutors sue to cancel Brazil · 2023–2026
- Bayer (Company) — here: Parent company of Monsanto; settlement payer; there: Named buyer
- Paraquat bans, UK production for export and Chinese exports United Kingdom · 1989–2026
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Regulator; interim decision of 2021 and January 2025 announcement
- Paraquat litigation (Syngenta/Chevron) and the Paraquat Papers United States · 1958–2026
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Regulator; 2021 interim decision and 2025 withdrawal
- PFAS insurance disputes (3M, Chemours, DuPont) United States · 2020–2026
- AIG (Insurer) — here: Insurer that refused cover; there: Insurer; plaintiff against 3M; defendant in Tonoga through two subsidiaries
- PFAS water utility settlements by 3M, DuPont, Chemours and Corteva United States · 2023–2036
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Regulator; drinking-water limits for PFOA and PFOS
- Portland Harbor Superfund cleanup plan (Willamette River, Oregon) United States · 2016–2017
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Regulator; issued the draft plan and the final Superfund decision
- PPL Therapeutics collapse and transgenic sheep cull (Scotland, New Zealand) United Kingdom · 1987–2004
- Bayer (Company) — here: Parent company of Monsanto; settlement payer; there: Partner reported to have withdrawn in 2003
- Removal of the Endangered Species Act 'harm' definition United States · 2025–2026
- US Supreme Court (Court) — here: Decided Monsanto v. Durnell; there: Upheld the definition in 1995 (Sweet Home); decided Loper Bright in 2024
- Sellafield decommissioning and Hanford cleanup budgets United States · 1943–2086
- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: Government party in the settled cases
- Sri Lanka fertiliser ban Sri Lanka · 2021
- Bayer (Company) — here: Parent company of Monsanto; settlement payer; there: Crop-protection company that commented on the transition
- Starbase launch site, Boca Chica, Texas: environmental review, penalties and Starship debris United States · 2022–2025
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Federal environmental regulator; found Clean Water Act violations
- Stockholm Convention agrees chlorpyrifos phase-out with 22 uses exempted United States · 2021–2025
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: regulator
- The four biggest agrochemical firms each bought a biologicals company, 2012 to 2026 Global · 2012–2026
- Bayer (Company) — here: Parent company of Monsanto; settlement payer; there: bought AgraQuest; carbon programme operator
- Trump's EPA keeps Biden-era veto on Alaska's Pebble mine United States · 2023–2025
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Issued and reaffirmed the veto
- US bans DDT in 1972; bald eagle breeding pairs rebound United States · 1972–2019
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: issued the 1972 DDT ban
- US bird flu indemnity and egg prices United States · 2022–2026
- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: Egg-price inquiry
- US coal ash ponds, groundwater contamination and EPA delay United States · 2015–2026
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Regulator
- US indictment alleges Adani solar bribery; three charges later dismissed India · 2024–2026
- US Department of Justice (Government) — here: Supported Monsanto in Durnell; there: Prosecution; requested dismissal of three charges
- US power-plant sulfur emissions fell over 95%, EPA says United States · 1990–2022
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: published the programme results
- US Superfund tax and funding shortfall United States · 1980–2025
- US Environmental Protection Agency (Public authority) — here: Approved the Roundup label; said it would not accept a cancer warning; there: Administers Superfund; reports responsible-party commitments
- US Supreme Court ruled that replanting patented seed infringes the patent United States · 1996–2013
- Monsanto (Company) — here: Roundup maker; defendant; there: Plaintiff in Bowman; won
- Verra suspends three REDD+ schemes in Brazil's Portel over public land overlap Brazil · 2023–2025
- Bayer (Company) — here: Parent company of Monsanto; settlement payer; there: Buyer of credits from the Portel schemes