Oil, gas and coal operations
79 cases in 45 countries, 1970–2026. Most cases: Kazakhstan (11), United States (8), Iran (7), China (6), Germany (6).
Goumeri W-8 well eruption at the Agadem oil block, Niger (2026)
An eruption of crude and gas began on 25 September 2026 at the CNPC-operated Goumeri W-8 well in the Agadem block, Diffa region. Niger's Ministry of Petroleum called it an environmental incident of exceptional gravity; on 14 October it was continuing at lower intensity and no volume had been published.
Strikes on Iranian oil and gas facilities, June 2025 and March 2026, and damage at Qatar's Ras Laffan
CEOBS described fires and damage at the Tehran refinery, South Pars Phase 14 and the Fajr Jam gas plant in June 2025. On 18 March 2026 Iranian state media reported strikes on South Pars gas plants at Asaluyeh, and QatarEnergy later estimated a roughly USD 20bn annual revenue loss from damage at Ras Laffan.
Strikes on Tehran fuel depots, March 2026: smoke, black rain and Iran's "ecocide" claim
Four fuel depots in and near Tehran were attacked on 7 March 2026; Israel's military said it targeted fuel storage complexes belonging to the IRGC. Satellite imagery showed plumes and destroyed tanks, UNEP and WHO warned of inhaled smoke and black, acidic rain, and Iran called the strikes "ecocide".
US budget law cuts fossil fuel royalties and sets 4 million coal acres for leasing
The One Big Beautiful Bill Act lowered federal royalty shares for onshore oil and gas and for coal, and opens 4 million acres of coal land to leasing, as reported. The cited analysis says oil, gas and coal producers gain while the public's revenue share falls.
Kashagan sulphur environmental fine (Kazakhstan)
Kazakh authorities pursued an environmental fine of about $5 billion over sulphur at the Kashagan oil field. In April 2026 a report described the fine as upheld on appeal, setting back the oil majors in the consortium. In July 2026 the authorities froze the operator's assets over the fine; Kazakhstan's separate US$160 billion arbitration against the consortium includes claims for environmental damage.
Mangistaumunaigas fines for wastewater injection, drilling waste and furnace emissions (Mangystau, 2024)
On 4 December 2024 the Karakiya District Court fined the KazMunayGas–CNPC joint venture Mangistaumunaigas KZT 31 billion after prosecutors said it had discharged wastewater into subsoil layers and accumulated drilling waste without established limits; a further KZT 1.2 billion fine for furnace emissions followed on 11 December. The company said it would challenge both.
Karachaganak oil arbitration and the sulphur-fine reports (Kazakhstan)
Kazakhstan started an arbitration with the Karachaganak consortium in spring 2023 over disputed cost deductions. In February 2026 an interim award in Kazakhstan's favour, estimated at US$2–4 billion, was reported. The roughly $5 billion sulphur fine reported in April 2026 is described in its sources as a Kashagan fine and is recorded under that case.
Karaturun well blowout and methane release (Mangystau, 2023)
A gas-water blowout at well No. 303 at the Karaturun field on 9 June 2023 ignited and burned for about 200 days. A study (preprint) estimated 128 ± 36 kt of methane released; Buzachi Neft paid environmental fines and was ordered by an Almaty court to pay KZT 2.27 billion for the burned gas.
Al-Jaili refinery fires and wartime damage in Khartoum, 2023–2025
Repeated fires and strikes damaged the Al-Jaili refinery north of Khartoum, Sudan's largest, jointly owned by the Sudanese government and CNPC. The Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) each attributed the January 2025 fire to the other; AP wrote that neither side offered evidence.
Germany brings coal exit forward to 2030 as Lützerath is demolished
Germany brought its coal exit forward to 2030 while the village of Lützerath was demolished in January 2023. The cited sources give no ecological data for the site.
Smuggling reported at Mongolia's state coal company
East Asia Forum reported in April 2023 on coal smuggling at Mongolia's state coal company. In February 2024 the U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre reported that the company's former chief executive and 11 others had been charged with money laundering. The sources give no volumes and no link to specific mining or environmental harm.
Foz do Amazonas drilling licence
Brazil's environmental agency IBAMA refused Petrobras a drilling licence in the Foz do Amazonas basin in May 2023 and issued one in October 2025. In September 2026 a trade outlet reported that it had authorised three new wells.
DR Congo oil blocks auction after forest deal
The Democratic Republic of Congo offered oil and gas blocks for tender in 2022 and again in May 2025. Greenpeace and Rainforest Foundation UK reported that the blocks overlapped protected areas and forest.
Sakhalin-2 and Sakhalin-1 in 2022: transfer decrees, the ecological-audit deduction clause and write-downs
Presidential Decree No. 416 of 30 June 2022 passed the rights of the Sakhalin-2 operator to a new Russian company and provided that a government audit, including an ecological audit, would set a damage amount to be debited from foreign shareholders' sale proceeds. Shell recorded a USD 1,614 million impairment on Sakhalin-2, and ExxonMobil said Russia terminated its Sakhalin-1 interests on 14 October 2022.
Fuel-depot fires at Kalynivka, Kriachky and Lutsk, 2022
Fires at three Ukrainian fuel depots in February and March 2022 were measured by CEOBS, Zoï and UNEP and valued by the State Environmental Inspectorate; for the Kriachky depot the Inspectorate calculated damage of UAH 930 million.
Adani Group became largest shareholder of NDTV
Al Jazeera reported that Adani Group, a coal, port and energy conglomerate, became the biggest shareholder of NDTV in 2022. RSF said the takeover signalled the end of pluralism in India's leading media; the stake for nature is whether coverage of coal, port and energy projects stays independent.
Turkish holdings' coal expansion alongside renewables (Cenal, Akbelen, İçdaş)
Several Turkish energy groups run coal or lignite plants and renewable projects under the same corporate roof. Reports from 2023 to 2026 describe a coal unit approval at Cenal, tree felling at Akbelen and loans to renewable arms of coal-owning groups.
AES coal ash sold as road fill in Guayama, Puerto Rico; arsenic above standard
Coal ash from AES's Puerto Rico plant was sold as fill for 'caminos blancos' (white roads) in Guayama after the Dominican Republic refused it, and the distribution was not recorded. Canary Media reported that the company's own measurements found arsenic in groundwater at more than twice the standard.
Caspian seal mass deaths, 2020–2025
Repeated mass strandings of the Endangered Caspian seal were recorded in Dagestan (Russia), Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan between 2020 and 2025. Official explanations differ by country and year, and NCOC, operator of Kazakhstan's Kashagan field, funded seal research programmes.
Mazut burning in Iranian power plants, 2020–2025
When gas runs short in winter, Iranian power plants burn mazut, a high-sulfur heavy fuel oil. The Ministry of Petroleum reported 4.941 billion litres delivered to power plants between 22 October 2024 and 31 January 2025, up 53% on the year before; the head of the Tehran Province Judiciary said five former managers were convicted over non-enforcement of the Clean Air Law.
Japan's JBIC financed Vietnam's Vung Ang 2 coal plant from an environment-labelled fund
The Japan Bank for International Cooperation provided $636 million for the Vung Ang 2 coal plant in Vietnam from a fund whose name refers to environmental protection. Japan had also pressed for exceptions to the G7's 2021 coal pledge.
Makeshift oil refineries in northeast Syria linked to poisoned streams
A CEOBS report said makeshift refineries and leaks at Rmeilan, in northeast Syria, poisoned streams and animals. The cited sources do not name the refinery operators.
Buzachi Operating: KZT 8.4 billion for gas losses and unauthorised flaring (Mangystau, 2025)
Courts ordered Buzachi Operating Ltd, the operator of the North Buzachi field, to pay KZT 8.4 billion to the state for six years of oil and gas losses and flaring of raw gas without permission; the sum was paid in full in March 2025. In May 2026 the company was fined KZT 474 million for exceeding the hazardous-waste accumulation limit by 513.2 tonnes during drilling.
RWE sought €1.4bn from the Netherlands over its coal phase-out
RWE brought an investment-treaty claim for €1.4bn over the Dutch ban on coal power from 2030 and withdrew it in 2023. Germany agreed €2.6bn of early lignite closure compensation for RWE; for nature, the question is whether such claims and payments slow the closure of fossil capacity.
RWE drops 1.4 billion euro claim over Dutch coal ban; Hemweg-8 closure announced
RWE and Uniper filed Energy Charter Treaty claims against the Netherlands over its coal phase-out, and RWE later dropped its 1.4 billion euro claim. Vattenfall also announced the early closure of its 650 MW Hemweg-8 plant in Amsterdam.
Germany agreed €2.6bn and €1.75bn coal exit payments to RWE and LEAG
Germany agreed to pay lignite operators RWE and LEAG early-closure compensation for ending coal power generation, and the European Commission approved the RWE payment in December 2023. A 2019 research note from the German Federal Parliament said the state was not legally obliged to make the payments.
Kenya tribunal cancels licence for Lamu coal plant
Kenya's National Environment Tribunal cancelled the environmental licence for a 1,050 MW coal plant at Lamu and ordered a new impact assessment. The tribunal cited missing meaningful public participation and an incomplete assessment.
Ecopetrol Lizama well blowout (Colombia)
A blowout at Ecopetrol's Lizama 158 well in March 2018 was followed by a regulatory fine. The fine was cut on appeal; a press report puts the number of animals killed at about 2,400.
Badila produced-water spill into the Nya Pendé river (2018) and the UK National Contact Point's Glencore statement
The earth bank of a produced-water basin at the Badila oilfield in southern Chad collapsed in September 2018 and released water into the Nya Pendé river. In November 2024 the UK National Contact Point found that Glencore UK Ltd did not comply with two OECD Guidelines due-diligence provisions and did not find it directly responsible for the spill.
Niger–Benin crude export pipeline (WAPCO): financing, land compensation and the June 2024 sabotage spill
The WAPCO pipeline carries Niger's crude from the Agadem block to Benin's coast, financed by CNPC's finance arm. Niger's impact study identified forest and wetland impacts, Benin paid land compensation under a 2020 law, and a sabotage in June 2024 left a crude slick over more than 370 metres in Zinder region.
Greater Tortue Ahmeyim LNG project, the deep-water coral reef and BP's reef mitigation
BP operates the Greater Tortue Ahmeyim LNG project on the Mauritania–Senegal maritime border, where the Netherlands Commission for Environmental Assessment found in 2018 that the environmental assessment was incomplete and that the seabed holds live reef-building Lophelia corals. A gas leak at one of four wells was found in February 2025, and a 3.2 billion FCFA artificial reef was announced as mitigation by Senegal's fisheries ministry.
Methane super-emitters in Turkmenistan's oil and gas fields
Satellite studies between 2022 and 2026 recorded repeated large methane plumes over Turkmenistan's oil and gas fields. Turkmenistan joined the Global Methane Pledge in December 2023, and in August 2026 UNEP confirmed 8 stopped leaks.
Almaty CHP-2 coal-to-gas conversion, Kazakhstan
Almaty's coal-fired combined heat and power plant CHP-2 is being converted to gas with loans from the EBRD and the Asian Development Bank; the cost estimate rose from KZT 98 billion to KZT 388 billion. The state hydrometeorological service and independent monitors report different air-quality trends for the city.
Chinese appeal court did not make chemical firms pay remediation at Changzhou
In 2018 the Jiangsu Higher People's Court did not require chemical firms to pay remediation costs at the Changzhou toxic land site, and the state carried out the clean-up. Separately, China's environment ministry said the Guigang treatment plant had sent 13,600 tonnes of sludge to unsuitable sites and falsified more than 30 documents before inspection.
ExxonMobil cut and restored Kearl oil-sands reserves as oil prices moved
ExxonMobil removed Canada's Kearl oil sands from its reported reserves after prices fell in 2016, then re-booked them when prices recovered. The bitumen in the ground did not change; the price used for reporting did.
Adviser said UN environment award helped sway UNESCO on Rampal coal plant
Bangladesh's energy adviser said a UN environment award helped persuade UNESCO to withdraw its objection to the Rampal coal plant near the Sundarbans mangrove forest. The cited sources do not report the plant's effects on the forest.
Pertamina NRE was sole seller on IDXCarbon's opening day in 2023
Pertamina NRE was the only seller when Indonesia's IDXCarbon opened on 26 September 2023, selling 459,953 tonnes of credits to Pertamina group companies and a coal contractor. What is at stake for nature is whether such trades reduce emissions, and the sources give no emissions outcome.
Germany pays 317 million euros in premiums to 11 coal plants, including Moorburg
In December 2020 Germany's hard coal closure auction paid 317 million euros to 11 plants, including two Moorburg units, and 216 million euros went to RWE. At stake for nature is public money paid to coal plant owners for closing, and the amount paid to Vattenfall was not disclosed.
Mozambique LNG environmental assessment (ERM)
ERM, a consultancy about 60% owned by the private equity firm KKR, prepared the environmental impact assessment for the Mozambique LNG project for Anadarko and Eni. A 2024 Drilled report examined the project manager's later move to Anadarko and TotalEnergies; ERM rejects the conflict-of-interest claim.
In Salah shale gas pilot wells and protests, 2014–2015
Sonatrach announced the completion of the first shale-gas pilot wells near In Salah on 27 December 2014 and a programme of at least US$70 billion over 20 years. Protests that began on 1 January 2015 included clashes on 28 February – 1 March 2015.
Oil-facility fires and leaks in Libya's conflict: Es Sider, Ras Lanuf, Zawiya
Libya's National Oil Corporation and Reuters reported fires at oil storage tanks at Es Sider and Ras Lanuf in 2014–2018 and gunfire damage, a pipeline leak and drone-attack fires at Zawiya in 2024–2026. A 2026 study of Zawiya refinery sampling reported hydrocarbon concentrations of up to 43 mg/L offshore.
Kashagan gas flaring: KZT 134.2 billion damage order (2014) and KZT 3.6 billion award (2025)
After pipeline leaks in September–October 2013, the Atyrau Department of Ecology ordered the Kashagan operator and Agip KCO to pay KZT 134.2 billion for gas flaring; three court levels upheld the order in 2014, and a confidential December 2014 agreement followed. A separate 2024 flaring claim was awarded in January 2025 and paid in July 2025.
Embamunaigas sour-gas flaring at the Prorva fields (Atyrau, 2014 and 2018)
The Atyrau environmental department ordered Embamunaigas and RD KMG to pay KZT 37.2 billion in 2014 for flaring sour associated gas at the Prorva fields; after appeals the order was reduced to KZT 1.9 billion. In 2018 a fine of KZT 8.9 billion was cut by a court to KZT 6.68 billion and collected.
Ozenmunaigas environmental claims of KZT 59.3, 212.6 and 327.9 billion annulled by courts (2013–2014)
The Mangystau ecology department brought successive claims and a fine against Ozenmunaigas, the Uzen field operator and a KMG EP subsidiary, over disposal of oil-contaminated soil. A KZT 59.3 billion claim was successfully appealed in 2013, a KZT 212.6 billion fine was dismissed in February–March 2014, and on 19 March 2014 a court declared the inspection act and the KZT 327.9 billion claim illegal.
CNPC crude dumping in the Bongor basin: US$1.2 billion fine and US$400 million settlement
Chad suspended the operations of a CNPC unit in 2013 after crude oil was found dumped in pits at Koudalwa, fined it US$1.2 billion in March 2014 and withdrew five exploration permits. A settlement of US$400 million was signed in October 2014; no court ruled on liability.
Fukushima decontamination contracts went to Kajima, Taisei, Obayashi and Maeda ventures
J-Cast reported in January 2013 that decontamination contracts had gone to four joint ventures and that claims of shoddy work followed. The work was meant to clean up radioactive soil and water from the 2011 accident.
Arctic Sunrise seizure at the Prirazlomnaya platform: ITLOS bond, PCA arbitration, 2019 settlement and ECtHR judgment
Russian authorities boarded the Greenpeace ship Arctic Sunrise and detained 30 people after a protest at Gazprom's Prirazlomnaya oil platform in the Pechora Sea in September 2013. An ITLOS order, an arbitral tribunal at the Permanent Court of Arbitration, a 2019 Netherlands–Russia settlement and a 2023 European Court of Human Rights judgment followed.
Iran associated-gas flaring and flare-gas recovery contracts
The World Bank's satellite-based estimate of gas flared in Iran was 29.93 billion cubic metres in 2025, against 13.85 billion in 2012. Iran's Ministry of Petroleum has signed several rounds of flare-gas recovery contracts and set a target of ending flaring by 2028; Iran's Supreme Audit Court, as reported, put the annual value of flared gas at more than US$6 billion.
Termit and Tin Toumma National Nature Reserve: 2019 boundary change around CNPC oil blocks
In June 2019 Niger's government redrew the boundaries of the Termit and Tin Toumma National Nature Reserve, excluding an area in the east that overlapped CNPC oil blocks and adding land in the west. The addax habitat in the Tin Toumma desert ended up outside the reserve.
Venezuela gas flaring and methane from oil and gas
The World Bank, the IEA and satellite studies record high flaring intensity and methane emissions from Venezuelan oil and gas operations, mainly in Monagas and around Lake Maracaibo. The World Bank changed its method in June 2026, raising its flare-volume estimates; an NBER paper estimates the climate damage of flaring and venting at about US$11 billion a year.
The four biggest agrochemical firms each bought a biologicals company, 2012 to 2026
Bayer, Syngenta, Corteva and BASF each acquired a biological-input company between 2012 and 2026. The cited sources tie the same firms to carbon-payment and digital farming programmes, but do not say what those programmes do to soil or emissions.
Permian produced water discharge and North Dakota brine spills
Oilfield wastewater, known as produced water, has grown about 30-fold in the Permian Basin since 2010, and most of it is injected underground. In North Dakota, brine spills have recurred every year, and the land they damaged has never been calculated.
Lake Maracaibo chronic oil leaks
Oil leaks from ageing underwater pipelines and installations have been reported in Lake Maracaibo, Zulia state, for years, with new spills and gas leaks reported in September 2026. A clean-up plan announced in July 2023 came without a stated budget or timeline, and no compensation to fishers is on record.
Ghana committee finds Kosmos negligent over 2010 Jubilee field spills
A Ghanaian government committee found Kosmos Energy negligent over drilling-fluid spills at the Jubilee field in 2010 and proposed a GH¢40 million fine. A 2011 settlement was reported at $15 million; the cited sources do not describe the environmental damage.
Ulaanbaatar winter air pollution: stove programmes, the 2019 raw-coal ban and subsidised briquettes
Donor and state programmes in Ulaanbaatar's ger districts since 2008 paid for stove subsidies, loans and, from May 2019, a household raw-coal ban with subsidised briquettes made by a state-owned producer. The Auditor General sent findings on the producer's financing to prosecutors in April 2024.
Bloomberg, Steyer and Bezos money shapes coal and nature campaigns
Large donors funded campaigns to close coal plants and to protect 30 per cent of land, often through pooled funds and intermediary foundations. Critics say links to industry are hard to measure because much corporate-linked income is reported as a single line.
US SEC switches oil reserve pricing to a 12-month average in 2008
In December 2008 the US Securities and Exchange Commission changed how oil and gas companies report proved reserves, using a 12-month average price instead of the year-end price. Companies present reserves to investors as a measure of their future, and the sources show reported reserves moving with the price used.
Tengizchevroil sulphur storage claims and emission fines (Kazakhstan)
Kazakh authorities pursued Tengizchevroil over open-air sulphur storage at the Tengiz field in 2007–2009 and over air emissions above permitted limits between 2011 and 2026. A damage claim of KZT 74.4 billion in 2007 was cut to KZT 37 billion by a regional economic court; administrative fines of KZT 2.8 billion (2023), KZT 639.6 million (2025) and KZT 53.7 million (2026) followed.
Hoor al-Azim wetland, oil-field development and dikes in Khuzestan
Parts of the Iranian side of the transboundary Hawizeh marshes in Khuzestan were enclosed by dikes and roads around the Azadegan and Yadavaran oil fields. Reuters quoted Iran's oil minister in 2025 as saying "We are the ones who dried up the wetland"; no compensation or restoration budget specific to the wetland is on record.
Lapindo mud flow (Sidoarjo, Indonesia)
A mud eruption beside a gas well drilled by Lapindo Brantas in East Java began in 2006, swallowed twelve villages and was still flowing in its twentieth year. In 2009 the Supreme Court saw no compensation liability and police closed their investigation for lack of evidence; in 2015 the state lent the company money to pay compensation.
Sakhalin-2: 2006 approval revocation, Gazprom stake purchase, 2009 damage-claim settlement and lender exits
In September 2006 Russian authorities moved to cancel the environmental approval of the Sakhalin-2 oil and gas project; on 21 December 2006 Gazprom, Shell, Mitsui and Mitsubishi signed a protocol for Gazprom to take 50% plus one share for USD 7.45 billion. A claim of RUB 390 million was settled in July 2009 by counting RUB 647 million of company environmental spending.
South Pars and Assaluyeh: sulphur dioxide emissions and the pollution levy
NASA's satellite catalogue lists two sources in the Assaluyeh area at 1,284.4 and 919.6 kt of SO2 in 2025. Industry pays a pollution levy of one percent of sales that municipalities spend; Iran's Department of Environment has filed court cases against refineries and costed a US$1.2 billion improvement document.
Western gray whales off Sakhalin and the company-funded IUCN advisory panel
An advisory panel convened by IUCN and paid for by Sakhalin Energy as a lender condition advised on western gray whales near the Sakhalin oil and gas fields from 2006 until it ended in March 2022. In 2015 the panel and the company disagreed over the timing of seismic surveys, and the final meeting report was not released.
In Salah CO2 storage at Krechba (Sonatrach, BP, Statoil)
A Sonatrach, BP and Statoil joint venture injected 3.8 million tonnes of CO2 at the Krechba gas field in the Algerian Sahara between 2004 and 2011. Injection was halted in June 2011; US Department of Energy laboratory work in 2012 reported that pressure may have migrated into the lower caprock.
Study finds no clear gain from RSPO palm oil certification in Borneo
A 2018 University of Queensland study found that RSPO-certified oil palm estates in Indonesian Borneo were no better than uncertified ones on orangutan loss or fires. At stake is whether a palm oil certificate protects forest; a study reported in 2017 credited RSPO certification with saving 21 km² of forest in 2001–2015.
Chad–Cameroon pipeline and Doba oil fields: World Bank conditions, revenue law, Inspection Panel and 2023 nationalisation
The World Bank Group helped finance the Doba oil fields and the Chad–Cameroon export pipeline on conditions covering environmental safeguards and the use of oil revenue. Chad repaid its World Bank balances early in 2008, and in 2023 nationalised the assets ExxonMobil had agreed to sell to Savannah Energy for US$407 million.
South Sudan oil fields: pollution in Unity and Upper Nile
Studies and a 2017 German government answer to the Bundestag recorded contaminated groundwater near the Thar Jath, Mala and Unity oilfields in South Sudan, while the operator rejected the allegations. A government environmental audit contracted in September 2022 had not been released as of 23 January 2025.
About 150,000 orangutans lost in Borneo; RSPO palm saved only 21 km² of forest
Most of the roughly 150,000 orangutans lost in Borneo between 1999 and 2015 were lost inside forest, according to Mongabay (2018). A Queensland study found certified and uncertified plantations no different on orangutan loss, fire or village welfare.
Gulf War compensation (UNCC) and Kuwait oil-damage remediation
A UN commission was set up after the 1991 Gulf War to handle claims against Iraq. Soil remediation in Kuwait was still producing new contracts in 2025, with remediation contracts of USD 949 million in 2021 and USD 460 million in 2023.
OPEC members' declared oil reserves jumped in the late 1980s
Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Iraq and Saudi Arabia raised declared oil reserves sharply between 1985 and 1990, when OPEC quotas took reserves into account and no major discovery was made. The cited sources do not link these figures to any measured environmental effect.
Petrobras sponsorship of Projeto TAMAR, Brazil, 1982–2021
Petrobras sponsored the Fundação Pró-Tamar, which runs Brazil's sea turtle conservation project, from 1982 and announced the end of the partnership on 6 September 2021. Petrobras and the foundation give different accounts of who chose not to continue.
Darvaza gas crater: orders to extinguish the fire, wells drilled, methane measured
The Darvaza gas crater in Turkmenistan's Karakum desert has burned since late 1987 or early 1988, according to a satellite preprint. Turkmenistan's president ordered the fire extinguished in January 2022, Türkmengaz reported combustion falling after wells were drilled in 2024, and a preprint measured continuing methane release.
Mobil advertorials cast doubt on climate science; media studios later sold oil content
Mobil bought New York Times opinion-page advertorials from 1970, and a 2017 study found that most of the analysed advertorials cast doubt on climate science. Later, news outlets' branded-content studios produced campaigns for oil companies, including a roughly 5 million dollar ExxonMobil campaign in 2018.
Groningen gas field
A study published by IISD in January 2026 reported revenue of EUR 364 billion for the Dutch state and EUR 65 billion for the companies from the Groningen gas field. In 2026 the field was the subject of arbitration cases against the Netherlands and of a court order for a new decision on compensation.
M23 controls area around Virunga as forest loss doubles in southern sector
Mongabay reported in March 2025 that the M23 armed group controls the area around Virunga, where forest loss in the southern sector has doubled. Armed groups there tax charcoal, the report said.
BP's Gulf spill used Corexit; Nalco board had ex-BP and Exxon executives
BP applied 1.84 million gallons of Corexit dispersants during the Gulf spill, and the dispersant maker Nalco had former BP and Exxon executives on its board. What is at stake for nature is surface and subsurface water, and the sources give no environmental measurements.
Türkiye guarantees purchase of domestic coal at USD 75 per MWh
Türkiye has set a purchase guarantee of USD 75 per megawatt-hour for domestic coal, which Ember estimates will cost at least USD 8.7 billion to 2030. At stake for nature is whether the scheme slows the shift to renewables and cuts emissions.
Andhra Pradesh's community-managed natural farming reaches 1.29 million farmers
Andhra Pradesh runs a community-managed natural farming programme with 1.29 million farmers. The cited sources do not state its cost or any measured effect on soil, water or yields.
Westmoreland's claim over Alberta coal exit dismissed; company ordered to pay costs
Canada won the claim by Westmoreland against Alberta's coal exit, which was dismissed on 17 December 2024 and left the company to pay Canada's costs. A second claim, by Lone Pine against Québec's fracking ban, is reported as dismissed in 2022; this is unconfirmed.