Cases / War and military activity · Ukraine · 2024–2026
Register of Damage for Ukraine, the Claims Commission convention and the money meant to pay claims
Nature's voice · report
No measurement of the harm done to me here is on record.
Did nature suffer? Not measured.
Not on record
- The record does not name which of my species, waters, soils or forests were harmed.
What the record lacks: 5 none on record · 1 not disclosed · 1 not measured · 4 disputed See the gaps
The Council of Europe’s Register of Damage for Ukraine opened all 43 claim categories, including B3.1 Environmental damage, on 30 September 2026. The Convention for an International Claims Commission was not in force, with 10 of 25 ratifications reported, and no compensation fund existed.
About 195,000Claims received by the Register, all categories, 30 September 2026
More than 65,000 recorded; none awarded or paid, because no Claims Commission or compensation fund exists. No count of B3.1 environmental claims has been published.
More than 65,000 recorded; none awarded or paid, because no Claims Commission or compensation fund exists. No count of B3.1 environmental claims has been published.
Status As of 19 October 2026: all 43 Register categories open; the Claims Commission convention not in force (10 of 25 ratifications reported); no compensation fund.
What?
The Register of Damage for Ukraine opened all 43 claim categories on 30 September 2026, including B3.1 Environmental damage; the Claims Commission convention was not in force and no compensation fund existed. Register of Damage for Ukraine (Council of Europe)
Where?
Claims cover damage in Ukraine; the Convention was opened for signature in The Hague. Ministry of Justice of Moldova
When?
Claim submission began 2 April 2024; Convention opened for signature 16 December 2025; all categories opened 30 September 2026. Register of Damage for Ukraine (Council of Europe)
Who?
Gained
None on recordLost
None on recordHarmed
None on recordWhy?
The Register is described as the first stage towards compensation decided by the International Claims Commission. Interfax-Ukraine
How?
Claims are recorded by the Register; awards are to be decided by the Commission and paid from a compensation fund not yet created; immobilised Russian assets service the ERA loans and fund windfall transfers. Register of Damage for Ukraine (Council of Europe)
5 of 6 questions answered from the record · open: who
What happened
The record, in order.
The Register of Damage for Ukraine, set up under the Council of Europe, records claims for damage caused by Russia’s aggression; the International Claims Commission is meant to decide awards and a compensation fund is meant to pay them. Claim submission began on 2 April 2024. On 30 September 2026 the Register announced that it had opened all claims categories: 21 for individuals, 11 for legal entities and 11 for the State of Ukraine. The last three opened were B1.6, B3.1 (Environmental damage) and B3.2. The release says the categories “allow for documenting damage caused to the natural environment”, and that B3.1 may be used by the State of Ukraine, its central, regional and local authorities, and state and municipal institutions and organisations. About 195,000 claims had been received and more than 65,000 recorded across all categories by 30 September 2026; no count of environmental (B3.1) claims was published.
The Convention establishing the International Claims Commission for Ukraine was opened for signature on 16 December 2025 in The Hague at a diplomatic conference held by the Council of Europe and the Netherlands. Entry into force requires at least 25 ratifications and budget contributions sufficient to finance the Commission sustainably, according to Estonia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Signatory and ratification counts differ by source and date: 34 countries and the EU at signing (Estonia, 11 March 2026); 32 states and 8 ratifications (Moldova’s Ministry of Justice, 23 July 2026); 40 signatory states and the EU with 10 ratifications and 25 needed (Interfax-Ukraine, 30 September 2026). The Riigikogu of Estonia ratified on 11 March 2026 with 68 votes in favour; Moldova’s Parliament held its second reading on 23 July 2026; Canada signed on 11 May 2026, the first non-member state to do so.
No compensation fund has been established. The Register said the next step was to “complete the establishment of the Claims Commission and the Compensation Fund”. Estonia’s Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna called finding workable payment solutions “the next and at the same time the most difficult step”; the page names no funding source for awards.
Money tied to immobilised Russian central bank assets sits on the asset side. The G7’s Extraordinary Revenue Acceleration (ERA) loans of 25 October 2024 provide about USD 50 billion (EUR 45 billion) to Ukraine, to be repaid from extraordinary revenues of the immobilised assets, which the G7 said “will remain immobilized until Russia ends its aggression and pays for the damage it has caused to Ukraine”; disbursement runs from 1 December 2024 to 31 December 2027. On 31 March 2026 the EU delivered EUR 1.4 billion of windfall revenues (fourth transfer, revenues of the second half of 2025): 95% through the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism and 5% through the European Peace Facility. At the 18–19 December 2025 European Council, leaders agreed a EUR 90 billion interest-free loan for 2026–2027 financed by EU borrowing (24 member states; the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia not taking part); a “reparations loan” using the immobilised assets was not agreed, and Belgium was its most vocal opponent. Kyiv Independent reported that Ukraine would repay the loan only once Russia paid reparations.
On 29 January 2025 the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation declared the Register an “undesirable” organisation and said its activity aimed at violating Russia’s territorial integrity and “undermining its economic foundations”, according to Mediazona, citing the Prosecutor General’s website and Telegram channel.
- 2024Claim submission starts (2 Apr)
- 2024G7 announces ERA loans of about USD 50 billion repaid from revenues of immobilised Russian assets (25 Oct)
- 2025Russian Prosecutor General declares the Register “undesirable” (29 Jan)
- 2025Convention for the International Claims Commission opened for signature in The Hague (16 Dec); European Council agrees EUR 90 billion loan (18–19 Dec)
- 2026Estonia ratifies the Convention (11 Mar)
- 2026EU delivers EUR 1.4 billion of windfall revenues to Ukraine (31 Mar)
- 2026Canada signs the Convention (11 May); Moldova’s Parliament holds second reading (23 Jul)
- 2026Register opens all 43 claim categories, including B3.1 Environmental damage (30 Sep)
What was said
Claims, in the words of those who made them.
“allow for documenting damage caused to the natural environment”
“complete the establishment of the Claims Commission and the Compensation Fund”
“the next and at the same time the most difficult step”
“will remain immobilized until Russia ends its aggression and pays for the damage it has caused to Ukraine”
“the interest on the cash balances does not belong to Russia”
“an international administrative body established under the auspices of the Council of Europe”
Where accounts differ
Each party's account, side by side, with its source. The record does not settle these points; it shows them.
How many states had signed or ratified the Claims Commission convention
Government and regulators
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia (11 March 2026)
34 countries and the EU at signing.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of EstoniaGovernment and regulators
Ministry of Justice of Moldova (23 July 2026)
32 states and 8 ratifications.
Ministry of Justice of MoldovaPress and investigations
Interfax-Ukraine (30 September 2026)
40 signatory states and the EU, 10 ratifications, 25 needed.
Interfax-UkraineThe purpose of the Register of Damage
Government and regulators
Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation
The Register’s activity aims at violating Russia’s territorial integrity and “undermining its economic foundations” (translated, as reported by Mediazona).
MediazonaInternational bodies
Register of Damage for Ukraine
The categories allow for documenting damage caused to the natural environment and every type of damage within the Register’s mandate.
Register of Damage for Ukraine (Council of Europe)Press and investigations
Interfax-Ukraine
The Register is the first stage; the Claims Commission will decide awards.
Interfax-UkraineUse of immobilised Russian assets for a reparations loan
Government and regulators
Belgium, as reported by Kyiv Independent
Feared liability of a third of its GDP if Russia sued to recover the assets; the most vocal opponent of the reparations loan.
Kyiv IndependentGovernment and regulators
European Council (December 2025)
Agreed a EUR 90 billion interest-free loan financed by EU borrowing; the reparations loan was not agreed.
Kyiv IndependentHow it looked
What was shown, beside what was recorded.
Shown
- The Register presented the opening of all 43 categories as meaning that every type of damage within its mandate could now be documented.Register of Damage for Ukraine (30 September 2026) · Register of Damage for Ukraine (Council of Europe)
- The Commission presented the EUR 1.4 billion transfer as revenue from immobilised Russian assets to be used to support Ukraine.European Commission (1 April 2026) · European Commission (Representation in Luxembourg)
Recorded
- Register categories: 21 for individuals, 11 for legal entities and 11 for the State of Ukraine; the final three opened on 30 September 2026 were B1.6, B3.1 (Environmental damage) and B3.2. Interfax-Ukraine names the State categories as “Other Property Losses”, “Environmental Damage” and “Theft and/or Misappropriation of Natural Resources”.
- About 195,000 claims received and more than 65,000 recorded, all categories, as of 30 September 2026. No count of B3.1 claims is published.
- Convention: opened for signature 16 December 2025; entry into force needs at least 25 ratifications and sufficient budget contributions; status on 19 October 2026 was not in force, with 10 of 25 ratifications per Interfax-Ukraine (8 per Moldova’s Ministry of Justice on 23 July 2026).
- ERA loans: about USD 50 billion (EUR 45 billion), repaid from extraordinary revenues of immobilised Russian sovereign assets; disbursement 1 December 2024 to 31 December 2027.
- EUR 1.4 billion delivered on 31 March 2026 (95% through the Ukraine Loan Cooperation Mechanism, which helps Ukraine repay the EU macro-financial assistance loan and G7 bilateral loans; 5% through the European Peace Facility).
- European Council, 18–19 December 2025: EUR 90 billion interest-free loan for 2026–2027 financed by EU borrowing; the reparations loan was not agreed; Belgium feared liability of a third of its GDP if Russia sued to recover the assets, according to Kyiv Independent.
- On 29 January 2025 the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation declared the Register an “undesirable” organisation, according to Mediazona.
- The planned Ukrainian climate claim of more than USD 57 billion is for filing in the Register’s environmental category; no filing is on record (see the related case).
Who gained
Money that reached nature, beside money that stayed elsewhere.
Reached nature or the ground
Not published
Environmental claims filed in category B3.1—
No count or value of B3.1 claims has been published.
Gained elsewhere
Not totalled
G7 ERA loans repaid from revenues of immobilised Russian assets (about USD 50 billion)≈ €45bn
Window: Disbursement 1 Dec 2024 – 31 Dec 2027
Windfall revenues delivered by the EU, fourth transfer€1.4bn
Window: 31 Mar 2026
EU interest-free loan financed by EU borrowing, repayable once Russia pays reparations (Kyiv Independent)€90bn
Window: 2026–2027
Currency: EUR · Window: Mixed — see each line. Figures cover different periods and are not compared as a ratio. * Estimate built from cited figures.
Responses on record
- russian-prosecutor-general (29 January 2025): Declared the Register an “undesirable” organisation whose activity aims at violating Russia’s territorial integrity and “undermining its economic foundations” (translated). · Mediazona
In court and with insurers
Every proceeding and every insurer decision on record.
Lawsuits and rulings
No court case on record. No court has ruled on this case.
Insurers
No insurer decision on record.
What we don't know
Undisclosed, unproven, untried: recorded as data.
Nature
- Not measured Harm to nature: The record holds no measurement of harm to nature.
Money
- None on record Environmental claims filed in category B3.1 — No count or value of B3.1 claims has been published.
Court
- None on record No court case on record.
Accounts
Record
- None on record None on record: a published count or value of claims in category B3.1 (Environmental damage).
- None on record None on record: a funding source for awards from the compensation fund, which has not been established; neither the Register nor Estonia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs names one.
- Disputed Figures differ: for the Convention, Estonia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs gives 34 countries and the EU at signing (11 March 2026), Moldova’s Ministry of Justice gives 32 states and 8 ratifications (23 July 2026), and Interfax-Ukraine gives 40 signatory states and the EU with 10 ratifications (30 September 2026).
- None on record None on record: a Russian government statement on the Claims Commission convention.
- Not disclosed Not disclosed: the amounts of participant contributions that finance the Register and the Commission.
Did the harm stop?
None on record.
Who paid?
No claim has been awarded or paid. The ERA loans and the EUR 1.4 billion transfer are serviced from revenues of immobilised Russian assets; the EUR 90 billion EU loan is financed by EU borrowing.
Sources
Voices on record: — Company or project✓ Government and regulators— Courts✓ Press and investigations— Communities and civil society✓ Researchers✓ International bodies
Government and regulators
- Riigikogu ratifies convention establishing the International Claims Commission for UkraineMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia · 2026-03-11
- Convention that will allow the establishment of the International Claims Commission for Ukraine, ratifiedMinistry of Justice of Moldova · 2026-07-23
- G7 Finance Ministers’ Statement on Extraordinary Revenue Acceleration (ERA) Loan InitiativeDepartment of Finance Canada · 2024-10-25
- EU to deliver €1.4 billion in revenue from immobilised Russian assets to be used for support to UkraineEuropean Commission (Representation in Luxembourg) · 2026-04-01
Press and investigations
- Register of Damage opens all 43 categoriesInterfax-Ukraine · 2026-09-30
- EU leaders agree on $105 billion loan to secure Ukraine’s financing through 2027Kyiv Independent · 2025-12-19
Researchers
- Climate Damage Caused by Russia’s War in Ukraine, 24 February 2022 – 23 February 2026Initiative on GHG Accounting of War (IGGAW) · 2026-02
International bodies
- Register of Damage for Ukraine has opened all claims categories for submissionRegister of Damage for Ukraine (Council of Europe) · 2026-09-30
- Register of Damage for Ukraine: newsRegister of Damage for Ukraine (Council of Europe) · 2026
Connected cases
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- European Commission (Public authority) — here: Reported the EUR 1.4 billion transfer; there: Regulation 550/2011; EU ETS credit data
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- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: funder of the WaTER programme
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- European Commission (Public authority) — here: Reported the EUR 1.4 billion transfer; there: Approved the German compensation payment to RWE (13 December 2023)
- Messok Dja ecoguard abuses (Republic of Congo) Republic of Congo · 2008–2020
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Funder; suspended about €1 million in 2020
- Methane super-emitters in Turkmenistan's oil and gas fields Turkmenistan · 2017–2026
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Methane import rules apply to gas contracts from 2027
- Morocco says it cut cadmium in phosphate fertilisers; EU cannot verify the claim Morocco · 2025
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- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Adopted Directive 2003/53/EC
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- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Declared federal emergency; federal budget received the award
- Nornickel Sulphur Programme: SO2 targets, spending and measured emissions at Norilsk and Kola Russia · 2015–2026
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Resolution No. 353 of 12 March 2022; emissions-quota experiment postponed
- Plastic waste imports into Türkiye (Adana) Türkiye · 2016–2026
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Assessed Türkiye under Article 45(5) of the Waste Shipment Regulation
- Posidonia oceanica meadows (Balearics, Mediterranean) Spain · 2018–2026
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Habitats Directive: Posidonia beds are a priority habitat
- Prestige Spain · 2002–2026
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Provided more than €275m in aid
- Proton-M crash at Baikonur, 2 July 2013: Kazakhstan’s KZT 13.69bn damage claim against Russia Kazakhstan · 2013–2016
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Russian side in the compensation talks
- Russia declares WWF and Greenpeace 'undesirable' organisations Russia · 2023
- Prosecutor General of Russia (Government) — here: Declared the Register “undesirable”; there: Issued the designations
- Russia's 1 January 2022 ban on exports of unprocessed softwood and valuable hardwood logs Russia · 2020–2025
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Issued the instruction, duties and quotas
- Russia's forest-fire control zones and federal fire-service funding Russia · 2015–2026
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Reserve-fund Order No. 2740-r (2026); Decree No. 382 issued by the President
- Russia's national carbon-unit system under Federal Law 296-FZ Russia · 2021–2026
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Adopted Decree No. 234 of 2026
- Russian forest-climate projects: RUSAL fire-protection units and Sakhalin larch planting Russia · 2019–2026
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Federal Law 492-FZ and reserve-account rules
- Sakhalin carbon-neutrality experiment under Federal Law 34-FZ Russia · 2022–2028
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Set the payment rate; federal law 34-FZ
- Sary-Shagan test range lease to Russia: rent, a 1992–1996 compensation clause and an ecological commission Kazakhstan · 1992–2016
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Lessee; treaty obligations on rent, compensation and ecological consequences
- Sengwer evictions from Embobut forest and the EU Water Towers programme (Kenya) Kenya · 2014–2024
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Funder of the WaTER programme
- Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics: environmental pledges and the Mzymta valley Russia · 2007–2018
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Host government; Putin and Kozak statements
- Soviet whaling catches and the reports to the IWC, 1948–1979 Russia · 1948–1994
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Supplied original catch data to the IWC Scientific Committee in 1994
- Spain: environmental liability financial guarantee (EU Directive Art. 14) Spain · 2004
- European Commission (Public authority) — here: Reported the EUR 1.4 billion transfer; there: Evaluated the directive and reported on mandatory financial security
- Sudan gum arabic belt: wartime production losses and EU and GCF funding Sudan · 2013–2028
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Funder of the gum arabic programme
- Termit and Tin Toumma National Nature Reserve: 2019 boundary change around CNPC oil blocks Niger · 2012–2023
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Funds reserve management (PAPBIO programme)
- Trade rules curb green industrial policy; WTO rules against Indonesia nickel ban Global · 2013–2026
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Complainant in the Indonesia nickel case; respondent in the palm oil and CBAM disputes
- Tukolon reserve sanitary logging conviction in Irkutsk Oblast Russia · 2018–2024
- Prosecutor General of Russia (Government) — here: Declared the Register “undesirable”; there: Statements on fires and illegal logging, 2019
- Used cooking oil and POME biofuel certification: fraud allegations (ISCC, EU/UK) European Union · 2016–2025
- European Commission (Public authority) — here: Reported the EUR 1.4 billion transfer; there: Regulator; anti-dumping duties; recognition of ISCC
- Usinsk pipeline spill (Komi, 1994) and the World Bank and EBRD emergency loans Russia · 1994–2004
- Government of Russia (Government) — here: Owner of immobilised central bank assets; there: Borrower of both loans; on-lent them to Komineft
- Uzbek cotton boycott ends forced labour Uzbekistan · 2017–2026
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Trade partner (trade preference)
- Wadi El Ku catchment project, North Darfur Sudan · 2013–2026
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Funder, EUR 6.45 million for phase 1
- World Bank and development bank accountability mechanisms: Embobut (Sengwer), Tata Mundra, Arun III, Jale, Cambodia Kenya · 2007–2024
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Funder of the WaTER programme
- WTO panel backs EU on palm biofuel rules in Malaysia case Global · 2025
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Respondent; set the renewable-status rules
- WTO panel found Indonesia's raw nickel export ban breached rules Indonesia · 2020–2022
- European Union (International organisation) — here: Delivered windfall revenues; EUR 90 billion loan; there: Brought the complaint at the WTO
- Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant under Russian control, 2022–2026 Ukraine · 2022–2026
- Government of Ukraine (Government) — here: Claimant State; B3.1 filer; there: Disputes Russian ownership; Prosecutor General opened proceedings