Cases / Protected area / relocation · Colombia · 2022–2026
Herencia Colombia (Heritage Colombia): Project Finance for Permanence for protected areas, 2022
Nature's voice · report
Announced pledge covering 32 million hectares; the sources reviewed give no total raised 245 million US dollars were pledged in my name. No one has measured what reached me.
Not on record
- The record does not name which of my species, waters, soils or forests were harmed.
What the record lacks: 4 none on record · 1 insufficient · 1 not measured · 4 disputed · 1 unclear See the gaps
Accounts of the harm differ
How many hectares the initiative covers
- Government and regulators Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (2022): 32 million hectares of protected areas, 16% of the national territory. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia
- Communities and civil society WWF Colombia (February 2023): Nearly 29 million hectares of iconic landscapes and seascapes, equal to about 14% of the Colombian territory. WWF Colombia
- International bodies Green Climate Fund (March 2023): 32 million hectares, according to WWF-US. Green Climate Fund
What the hectares reported for the GCF project represent
- Communities and civil society WWF (2024 annual performance report): 172,458 hectares of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta park extension are counted as land brought under improved management because management actions will be implemented there, although the extension was approved before the Board approved the project. World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund
Launched on 23 June 2022, Herencia Colombia was announced as a US$245 million first stage to protect 32 million hectares of Colombian protected areas over 10 years. The Green Climate Fund approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project in March 2023; its 2024 annual performance report, submitted by WWF and not yet reviewed by the fund, records 172,458 hectares counted, no emission reductions yet and delays in the government's carbon-tax co-financing.
US$245 millionFunding announced for the first stage of Herencia Colombia, 23 June 2022
Ministry of Environment figure for the first, 10-year stage, covering protected areas of 32 million hectares (16% of the national territory). It is a pledge; the sources reviewed give no total raised.
Ministry of Environment figure for the first, 10-year stage, covering protected areas of 32 million hectares (16% of the national territory). It is a pledge; the sources reviewed give no total raised.
Status As of the 2024 annual performance report (cover date 1 June 2025): project under implementation; 172,458 hectares and 0 tCO2eq reported cumulatively; carbon-tax co-financing delayed; the report has not undergone GCF review.
What?
A Project Finance for Permanence announced in 2022 to fund the protection and management of Colombian protected areas and landscapes over 10 years, with a linked Green Climate Fund project. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia
Where?
Colombia, with five priority mosaics: Caribe, Transición Orinoquía, Andes, Pacífico Marino Costero and Amazonía. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia
When?
Announced 23 June 2022; GCF approval 16 March 2023; project effective 14 July 2023; estimated completion 14 July 2033. Green Climate Fund
Who?
Gained
- National parks authority and executing entities — Receive project funds: GCF disbursement of USD 3,328,763 by January 2024; private co-financing of USD 32,777,951 transferred to Fondo Patrimonio Natural in October 2023 World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund
Lost
None on recordHarmed
None on recordWhy?
To fund effective protection and management of protected areas, new declarations in line with the 30x30 goal, and community livelihoods. Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia
How?
A fund combining public and private donor money with government co-financing from royalties and the carbon tax, held by Fondo Patrimonio Natural as Transition Fund manager and released as conditions are met. World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund
6 of 6 questions answered from the record
What happened
The record, in order.
On 23 June 2022 Colombia's Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development announced Herencia Colombia, which it described as US$245 million for the first stage, covering 32 million hectares of protected areas equal to 16% of the national territory over 10 years. The Ministry listed as founding partners WWF, Conservation International, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Wildlife Conservation Society and Fondo Patrimonio Natural; as cooperating partners the Andes Amazon Fund and The Nature Conservancy; and as donors the European Union, FAO, the Green Climate Fund, KfW of Germany and the GEF through the World Bank. The announced goals included declaring new terrestrial and marine protected areas in line with the 30x30 initiative, prioritising five mosaics, declaring two marine areas (Cordillera Beata and Colinas y Lomas Submarinas) and expanding three areas (Malpelo, Yuruparí-Malpelo and Acandí, Playón y Playona). A WWF Colombia overview dated February 2023 described the initiative as a Project Finance for Permanence that "seeks to secure $245 million in public and private funding to permanently protect nearly 29 million hectares", and said that over the first 10 years it would support more than 2 million hectares of new terrestrial protected areas and around 15 million hectares of new marine areas.
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) Board approved the linked project, Heritage Colombia (HECO), FP203, on 16 March 2023. The fund's project page lists a GCF grant of USD 42,974,559 and co-financing of USD 102,177,951 with a total value of USD 145 million; its news item of 21 March 2023 gives the grant as USD 43 million in a total of USD 145.2 million and quotes WWF-US as financing the protection of 32 million hectares. The accredited entity is World Wildlife Fund, Inc., and the executing entities are Fondo Patrimonio Natural and WWF-Colombia. The project page lists anticipated results of 16.9 million people with increased resilience and 46.3 million tCO2e avoided, an estimated completion date of 14 July 2033 and the status "Under implementation".
The 2024 Annual Performance Report for FP203, submitted by WWF with a cover date of 1 June 2025, states that it has passed the fund's completeness check but not a formal review and that its contents are the accredited entity's responsibility. It records that the project became effective on 14 July 2023; that the GCF made its first disbursement of USD 3,328,763 on 26 January 2024; that Fondo Patrimonio Natural received USD 32,777,951 of private co-financing from WWF-US on 10 October 2023, of which USD 374,689 had been executed by the end of 2024; and that the government co-financing executed by the national parks authority through December 2024 was USD 1,448,955. For hectares brought under improved management it reports a cumulative value of 172,458 hectares, the extension of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park approved by resolution 0136 of 17 February 2023, before the GCF Board approved the project, against a mid-term target of 652,549 hectares and a final target of 5,720,000 hectares. Cumulative emissions reduced, avoided or removed are reported as 0 tCO2eq against a mid-term target of 3,150,000, a final target of 8,900,000 and a lifetime target of 46,300,000.
The report lists three implementation challenges. Start-up requirements caused delays in field activities (impact rated moderate). Changes by the government to the management of carbon-tax funds created, in the report's words, delays "in accessing the carbon tax funds as part of the government's co-finance commitment (and one of two PFP disbursement conditions)" (impact rated high): in March 2024 a new Fund for Life and Biodiversity replaced the earlier arrangements, and a Herencia Colombia proposal was presented to it in November 2024 with approval anticipated in 2025. The project-level grievance mechanism was expected to be established in 2025.
- 2022Herencia Colombia announced: US$245 million for the first 10-year stage (23 June)
- 2023Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park extension of 172,458.3 hectares approved by resolution 0136 (17 February); GCF Board approves FP203 (16 March); GCF news item (21 March); project effective (14 July); private co-financing of USD 32,777,951 received by Fondo Patrimonio Natural (10 October)
- 2024First GCF disbursement of USD 3,328,763 (26 January); Fund for Life and Biodiversity created to manage carbon-tax resources (March); Herencia Colombia proposal presented to it (November)
- 20252024 Annual Performance Report submitted (cover date 1 June)
- 2033Estimated completion of the GCF project (14 July)
What was said
Claims, in the words of those who made them.
“vamos a utilizar estos recursos para hacer una protección efectiva”
“Hoy es un día histórico para el ambientalismo del país”
“By financing the protection of 32 million hectares of Colombia's most treasured places”
“This is not only a smart project, it's a project with a soul.”
“in accessing the carbon tax funds as part of the government's co-finance commitment”
Where accounts differ
Each party's account, side by side, with its source. The record does not settle these points; it shows them.
How many hectares the initiative covers
Government and regulators
Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (2022)
32 million hectares of protected areas, 16% of the national territory.
Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, ColombiaCommunities and civil society
WWF Colombia (February 2023)
Nearly 29 million hectares of iconic landscapes and seascapes, equal to about 14% of the Colombian territory.
WWF ColombiaInternational bodies
Green Climate Fund (March 2023)
32 million hectares, according to WWF-US.
Green Climate FundWhat the hectares reported for the GCF project represent
Communities and civil society
WWF (2024 annual performance report)
172,458 hectares of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta park extension are counted as land brought under improved management because management actions will be implemented there, although the extension was approved before the Board approved the project.
World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate FundHow it looked
What was shown, beside what was recorded.
Shown
- The initiative presented as US$245 million to protect 32 million hectares of protected areas, 16% of the national territory, over 10 years.Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development, Colombia · Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia
- The initiative presented as seeking US$245 million to protect nearly 29 million hectares permanently, and as providing long-term funding for priority protected areas.WWF Colombia overview, February 2023 · WWF Colombia
- The GCF project presented as affecting nearly 17 million people living around protected areas and priority corridors and as limiting emissions comparable to removing nearly 10 million cars from the road for a year.Green Climate Fund and WWF Colombia, 21 March 2023 · Green Climate Fund
Recorded
- By the end of 2024 the GCF project had reported 172,458 hectares of improved management, all from a park extension approved before the project, and 0 tCO2eq of emission reductions.
- By the end of 2024 the GCF had made one disbursement of USD 3,328,763 and the fund's project page showed 8% of GCF financing disbursed.
- Government carbon-tax co-financing, one of two disbursement conditions of the Project Finance for Permanence, was delayed (impact rated high).
- No independent evaluation of Herencia Colombia was found in the sources reviewed.
In nature's name
What was promised in nature's name, the money that moved, and what was measured.
Promised
- “seeks to secure $245 million in public and private funding to permanently protect nearly 29 million hectares of iconic landscapes and seascapes” — WWF Colombia, on the Herencia Colombia Project Finance for Permanence (February 2023) WWF Colombia
- “vamos a utilizar estos recursos para hacer una protección efectiva” — Iván Duque, President of Colombia (23 June 2022) Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia
Money moved in nature's name
| What | Kind | Amount | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Funding announced for the first 10-year stage of Herencia Colombia Government of Colombia, WWF and partners Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia | Pledged | $245m | first 10 years from 2022 |
| Green Climate Fund grant for the linked HECO project (FP203) Green Climate Fund Green Climate Fund | Pledged | $43m | 2023–2033 |
| Co-financing for the HECO project (FP203) Co-financiers listed on the GCF project page Green Climate Fund | Pledged | $102m | 2023–2033 |
| First GCF disbursement to the accredited entity Green Climate Fund World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund | Paid out | $3.33m | 26 January 2024 |
| Private donor co-financing transferred by WWF-US to Fondo Patrimonio Natural WWF-US World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund | Paid out | $33m | 10 October 2023 |
| Private donor co-financing executed by the executing entities Fondo Patrimonio Natural and WWF-Colombia World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund | Spent | $0.37m | to 31 December 2024 |
| Government co-financing executed by the national parks authority Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund | Spent | $1.45m | to December 2024 |
What was measured
Not measured
No independent measurement of benefit to nature was found. The only results reported are the accredited entity's own, in a report the Green Climate Fund states has not yet been formally reviewed: 172,458 hectares of a park extension approved before the project, and 0 tCO2eq of emission reductions to the end of 2024.
Hectares brought under improved management, cumulative to 2024
172,458
Accredited entity's report; mid-term target 652,549 hectares; final target 5,720,000 World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund
Emission reductions, cumulative to 2024
0 tCO2eq
Accredited entity's report; mid-term target 3,150,000 tCO2eq World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund
Operation Ongoing · GCF project under implementation, estimated completion 14 July 2033. Green Climate Fund
Findings on record
- Own admission World Wildlife Fund, Inc., accredited entity, in the 2024 Annual Performance Report for FP203 (2025-06-01) · Implementation Challenges, carbon-tax co-financing: “the project faces delays in accessing the carbon tax funds as part of the government's co-finance commitment” World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund
Who gained
Money that reached nature, beside money that stayed elsewhere.
Reached nature or the ground
Not published
No figure published.
Gained elsewhere
Not totalled
Currency: USD · Window: 2022–2033. All figures cover the same period. * Estimate built from cited figures.
Responses on record
- Government of Colombia (23 June 2022): President Duque said at the launch that the resources would be used for effective protection and that the day was historic for the country's environmentalism; the Ministry set out goals including new terrestrial and marine protected areas. · Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia
- World Wildlife Fund, Inc. (1 June 2025): Reported in the 2024 annual performance report that carbon-tax co-financing was delayed, that a proposal was presented to the Fund for Life and Biodiversity in November 2024 and that approval was anticipated in 2025. · World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund
- Green Climate Fund (21 March 2023; 2025): Approved the project on 16 March 2023; its executive director called it a project with a soul; the fund states the 2024 report is subject to review by its Secretariat. · Green Climate Fund
In court and with insurers
Every proceeding and every insurer decision on record.
Lawsuits and rulings
No court case on record. No court has ruled on this case.
Insurers
No insurer decision on record.
What nature saw
Outcomes measured on the ground, and nature's note.
Nature's report opens this page. Below: further outcomes measured on the ground.
Hectares brought under improved management, cumulative to 31 December 2024
172,458
Accredited entity's own report; park extension approved 17 February 2023, before the project; mid-term target 652,549 hectares
Emissions reduced, avoided or removed, cumulative to 31 December 2024
0 tCO2eq
Accredited entity's own report; mid-term target 3,150,000 tCO2eq
Share of GCF financing disbursed
8%
GCF project page; first disbursement USD 3,328,763 on 24/26 January 2024
What we don't know
Undisclosed, unproven, untried: recorded as data.
Nature
- Not measured Harm to nature: The record holds no measurement of harm to nature.
- Disputed How many hectares the initiative covers
- Disputed What the hectares reported for the GCF project represent
Record
- Disputed Conflicting: the date of the first GCF disbursement, 24 January 2024 on the project page and 26 January 2024 in the annual performance report.
- None on record None on record: a total of the US$245 million raised or disbursed to the Project Finance for Permanence; the sources reviewed give the announced amount and the GCF project's figures only.
- None on record None on record: an independent evaluation of Herencia Colombia or of the GCF project; the GCF report states it has not undergone the fund's formal review.
- None on record None on record: hectares of new protected areas declared under the initiative since 2022, as reported in a source that could be opened.
- Disputed Conflicting: the area to be protected. The Ministry (2022) and the GCF news item (2023) give 32 million hectares; the WWF Colombia overview (2023) gives nearly 29 million hectares.
- Insufficient Unconfirmed: a national parks bulletin of 2026 reportedly stating that the programme contributed to incorporating more than 17 million hectares into the national protected-areas system.
- Unclear Unclear: the relation between the US$245 million Project Finance for Permanence and the GCF project (USD 42,974,559 grant, USD 102,177,951 co-financing); the sources reviewed do not state how the two sets of figures overlap.
- None on record None on record: the Ministry's own reported progress on the declaration of new protected areas in the 10-year plan, or any statement by the current government on the initiative.
Did the harm stop?
The sources reviewed record no measured reduction in deforestation or emissions from the initiative; the 2024 report shows 0 tCO2eq cumulative emission reductions against a mid-term target of 3,150,000.
Who paid?
The announced US$245 million is described as public and private funding from the Government of Colombia, WWF and partners, the European Union, the GCF, KfW and others. In the GCF project, the GCF grant is USD 42,974,559, with USD 102,177,951 of co-financing listed on the GCF project page; the annual performance report records USD 32,777,951 of private donor co-financing transferred to Fondo Patrimonio Natural by October 2023 and government co-financing executed by the national parks authority.
Sources
Voices on record: — Company or project✓ Government and regulators— Courts— Press and investigations✓ Communities and civil society— Researchers✓ International bodies
Government and regulators
- Con cooperantes internacionales Gobierno garantiza recursos para sus áreas protegidasMinisterio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible, Colombia · 2022-06-23
Communities and civil society
- 2024 Annual Performance Report for FP203: Heritage Colombia (HECO), CY2024World Wildlife Fund, Inc., submitted to the Green Climate Fund · 2025-06-01
International bodies
- GCF and World Wildlife Fund sign key Colombia landscapes agreementGreen Climate Fund · 2023-03-21
Connected cases
Related matters, and cases linked to this one through the same organisations, with the role each played in both.
- Amazon Region Protected Areas programme (ARPA) and the ARPA for Life Transition Fund, Brazil Brazil · 2002–2026
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Donor and announcer of the 2014 Transition Fund
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: German development bank; donor and author of the 2017 ex-post evaluation
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Donor to ARPA through the World Bank
- Peru's Natural Legacy (Patrimonio Natural del Perú): Project Finance for Permanence for Amazon protected areas, 2019 Peru · 2019–2026
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Initiator and funder; accredited entity of the GCF project
- Green Climate Fund (International organisation) — here: Approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project; there: Approved a USD 37,519,371 grant in March 2026
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Funder of the linked GEF project and a donor to the initiative
- Socio Bosque programme, Ecuador: payments for forest conservation since 2008 Ecuador · 2008–2026
- Green Climate Fund (International organisation) — here: Approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project; there: Funder of Ecuador's REDD+ action plan and results-based payment (programme documents)
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Its Ecuador Global Conservation Fund supported the programme
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: Contributed US$11.5 million through the FAN (Ministry figure reported by El Comercio)
- WWF-funded ranger units accused of torture and killings in Asia and Africa Multiple countries · 2006–2023
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Funded and equipped the ranger units; commissioned the Pillay panel
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Took over management of Kahuzi-Biega park in April 2022
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: Funder of Kahuzi-Biega park, per the Minority Rights Group report
- AGRA (Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa) Africa (13 focus countries) · 2006
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Former employer of AGRA's president
- Green Climate Fund (International organisation) — here: Approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project; there: Approved AGRA-run project FP257
- Asiatic cheetah conservation project in Iran: 25 years of funding and a count of 26 animals Iran · 2000–2026
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Phase I partner; contributed US$410,000
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Approved the US$725,000 Phase I grant
- Bhutan constitutional forest rule and Bhutan for Life Bhutan · 2008
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Partner in Bhutan for Life
- Green Climate Fund (International organisation) — here: Approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project; there: Funder of Bhutan for Life (US$26.6 million)
- Bloomberg, Steyer and Bezos money shapes coal and nature campaigns United States · 2008–2026
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Environmental group receiving GEF money and board ties to the Bezos family
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Intergovernmental environment fund; CI and WWF-US are its implementing agencies
- Colombia's Operation Artemisa: 113 arrests and 13 convictions Colombia · 2017–2022
- Government of Colombia (Government) — here: Host government; announced the initiative and commits co-financing, including carbon-tax resources; there: Launched Operation Artemisa
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Board on which Duque sits
- Great Green Wall: USD 19bn tracked, USD 2.5bn disbursed by March 2023, and a restored area reported at between 1.66 and almost 18 million hectares Sahel (11 countries) · 2007–2026
- Green Climate Fund (International organisation) — here: Approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project; there: Approved USD 150 million of the AfDB's Desert-to-Power programme
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Donor; land restoration pillar USD 236 million
- Kahuzi-Biega National Park: Batwa evictions and killings DR Congo · 1975–2024
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Funder, then park manager from April 2022
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: Funder (since 2008)
- Legacy Landscapes Fund: long-term funding for protected areas, launched by Germany in 2020–2021 Germany · 2020–2026
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Implementing partner at Madidi National Park
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: Reported the first site approvals; development bank acting for BMZ
- Messok Dja ecoguard abuses (Republic of Congo) Republic of Congo · 2008–2020
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Supported the ecoguards (ETIC/TRIDOM programme); appointed the review panel
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Funder (project 9159)
- Salonga National Park ranger abuses (DR Congo) DR Congo · 2002–2020
- Venezuela tree cover loss, 2001–2024, and international forest finance Venezuela · 2001–2024
- Green Climate Fund (International organisation) — here: Approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project; there: Approved USD 3.6 million of readiness support
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Funder of six Venezuelan projects
- WWF independent review (Pillay panel) and US funding suspension International · 2019–2020
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Commissioned the independent review; grantee under US review
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Grantee under US review
- Alter do Chão and Dia do Fogo fire allegations Brazil · 2019–2024
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Named in an allegation of financing fires; the allegation was found false
- Alto Mayo REDD+ project (Peru) Peru · 2012–2024
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Runs the project
- Amazon Fund (Fundo Amazônia), managed by BNDES: donations, projects, the 2019–2022 freeze and the restart Brazil · 2008–2026
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: German development bank; donor-side author of the 2016 ex-post evaluation
- Artisanal gold in Mali: mercury use and its money (Minamata National Action Plan) Mali · 2018–2020
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Funded the plan
- Banc d'Arguin National Park, the BACoMaB trust fund and fishing pressure Mauritania · 2002–2025
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: Funder; 47% of BACoMaB capital in the 2021 evaluation
- Botswana's 2014 hunting ban also barred San hunters in the Central Kalahari Botswana · 2014
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Board on which Ian Khama sat when the ban was announced
- Canaima National Park: fire suppression for the Guri catchment, mining pressure and the UNESCO decisions Venezuela · 1981–2026
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Funder of cancelled project 2103
- Caspian sturgeon and caviar: trade suspensions, fishing bans and the move to farmed caviar Caspian Sea (Kazakhstan, Russia, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Iran) · 1998–2026
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Commented on the 2006 quota freeze; co-authored the 2018 TRAFFIC/WWF report
- Dalyan / Iztuzu Beach, Türkiye: Kaunos Beach Hotel project stopped (1987) Türkiye · 1987
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Protested; its president asked for a moratorium
- Ecopetrol Lizama well blowout (Colombia) Colombia · 2018–2021
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Conservation organisation listing Ecopetrol among its corporate supporters
- Former EPA chief Lisa Jackson named interim chair of Conservation International United States · 2012–2026
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Named Jackson interim board chair; board includes former officials
- Generation Investment Management: fees, partners' profit and Foundation grants United Kingdom · 2004–2026
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Grant recipient; Ferguson on board; borrower from Ferguson
- Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF), hosted by the GEF Global · 2023–2026
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Operates the GBFF
- Global Environment Facility Trust Fund: replenishments and independent evaluation Global · 1991–2026
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: The Facility; financial mechanism for six environmental conventions; replenished every four years
- Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR) Global · 2020–2026
- Green Climate Fund (International organisation) — here: Approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project; there: Funding proposal FP180 lists GCF equity financing of Mill. USD 125.0
- Investor claim over Colombia's Santurbán mining ban yields no compensation Colombia · 2021–2024
- Government of Colombia (Government) — here: Host government; announced the initiative and commits co-financing, including carbon-tax resources; there: Respondent state; banned mining in the páramo
- Kaziranga shoot-on-sight killings (India) India · 2013–2017
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Five WWF India employees listed as an expert panel on the 2014 strategy proposal (BuzzFeed News)
- Kiribati opens Phoenix Islands protected area to fishing; trust dissolved Kiribati · 2015–2021
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: named as a partner in the compensation trust
- Kiribati PIPA opened to fishing Kiribati · 2015–2025
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Co-founder of the compensation foundation
- Kyparissia Bay (Thines Kyparissias), Greece: construction, roads and beach use at a loggerhead nesting site, CJEU C-504/14 (2016) Greece · 2010–2025
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Intervener before the Council of State (WWF Hellas)
- Mekong sand mining (Cambodia, Vietnam) Cambodia and Vietnam · 2007–2026
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: NGO; sand budget and ten-year stock estimate for the delta
- Mongolia's 2009 ban on mining at river headwaters and in forests: licence cancellations, compensation duty, 2015 amendment and artisanal gold-mining programmes Mongolia · 2009–2025
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: planetGOLD Mongolia
- Nature Conservancy began $10 million partnership with Dow Chemical in 2011 United States · 2007–2021
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: conservation group; relationship with Coca-Cola
- Nepal community forestry Nepal · 2000–2026
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Lead of the Hariyo Ban conservation programme in Nepal
- Olkaria geothermal projects (Kenya) Kenya · 2013–2017
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: Financier
- Orinoco Mining Arc: decree, state gold business and measured harm Venezuela · 2011–2026
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Co-author of the Caura mercury study
- Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold mine: Gobi water, Undai River diversion, herder complaints and project finance Mongolia · 2004–2025
- KfW (Bank) — here: Donor named by the Ministry; there: Commercial lender (KfW IPEX-Bank, 2015 release)
- Pillay panel finds no proof WWF directed ranger abuses it supported Democratic Republic of the Congo · 2006–2020
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: NGO; funder and partner of the ranger units
- Plastic Bank and rePurpose collector schemes Global · 2017–2025
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: NGO; published position on plastic crediting
- Plastic credits and Philippines PCX Philippines · 2020–2025
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Critic of plastic-neutral claims
- Report says a man died after ecoguard beating in Republic of the Congo park Republic of the Congo · 2017
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Conservation NGO; response: none on record
- Russia declares WWF and Greenpeace 'undesirable' organisations Russia · 2023
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Designated undesirable on 21 June 2023
- Sudan gum arabic belt: wartime production losses and EU and GCF funding Sudan · 2013–2028
- Green Climate Fund (International organisation) — here: Approved a US$43 million grant for the linked project; there: Funder of GAMS
- TNC chief scientist urged conservation groups to partner with companies United States · 2011–2015
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Coca-Cola partner from 2007 (reported)
- Tobacco groups' diversification into oil, food and shipping United States · 2005–2026
- Wildlife Conservation Society (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Conservation organisation; trustee role documented
- Tribunal awards Eco Oro nothing over Colombia's Santurbán mining ban Colombia · 2024
- Government of Colombia (Government) — here: Host government; announced the initiative and commits co-financing, including carbon-tax resources; there: respondent; imposed the mining ban
- Vida Manglar mangrove project Colombia · 2021
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Project operator
- Walton family grants and board ties link Conservation International to Walmart United States · 2001–2026
- Conservation International (NGO) — here: Founding partner; there: Conservation group; Rob Walton listed on its executive committee
- WWF Nepal Chitwan ranger death (Shikharam Chaudhary) Nepal · 2006–2020
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Conservation NGO; funder and supporter of ranger units
- WWF president Prince Bernhard resigned in 1976 after a Lockheed commission surfaced Netherlands · 1970–1976
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: charity whose president resigned
- WWF-supported ecoguards in Cameroon and CAR (Lobéké, Dzanga-Sangha) Cameroon · 2008–2020
- WWF (NGO) — here: Founding partner; accredited entity of the GCF project through World Wildlife Fund, Inc.; there: Trained and paid ecoguards in Lobéké; commissioned the independent panel
- Zagros oak forests: the UNDP/GEF Central Zagros project, its evaluation and the fires of 2024–2026 Iran · 2005–2026
- Global Environment Facility (International organisation) — here: Donor named by the Ministry, through the World Bank; there: Funded the project with US$3,687,803