Utah's spending in the Great Salt Lake's name since 2022: water trust, appropriations, leases and donated water rights
- Communities and civil society Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust: About 72,485 acre-feet transacted in 2025; about 200,000 acre-feet since 2023 (the trust's own figures). National Audubon Society and The Nature Conservancy (Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust)
- Researchers Strike Team (January 2025): More than 288,000 acre-feet approved; the figure does not represent the amount delivered; the lake remains well below the healthy range. Yahoo News (Utah News Dispatch)
- Government and regulators Utah Department of Agriculture and Food, as reported by KUER: Utah has conserved approximately 130,000 acre-feet of water per year since 2019; KUER adds that it was difficult for the state to track where the saved water went. KUER
- Researchers Grow the Flow and University of Utah (March 2026): The progress seen in the 2026 session still does not put the State on track. ABC4
After the 2022 record low, the Utah Legislature authorised a US$40 million Great Salt Lake water trust (HB 410) and later created a Commissioner's office and funded leasing, wetlands and infrastructure. The trust reported about 72,485 acre-feet transacted in 2025; a Strike Team summary counted more than 288,000 acre-feet approved by January 2025 and said approved volume is not delivered volume.
As stated on the State of Utah's Great Salt Lake legislation page. The trust reported nearly 72,500 acre-feet of transactions in 2025 (its own figure).
Status As of 26 October 2026: the trust and state programmes continue; approved water volumes (288,000 acre-feet by January 2025) are not delivered volumes, the 2026 leasing programme opens in 2027 and the lake stood at 4,189.8 feet.
- Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust partners (Audubon, The Nature Conservancy) — Manage the trust and its wetland grants; 12 projects awarded $14 million National Audubon Society and The Nature Conservancy (Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust)
- Water-right holders — Leases and donations approved for more than 288,000 acre-feet; the 2026 leasing programme will pay farmers, with rates set by the Commissioner's office Yahoo News (Utah News Dispatch)
- Utah taxpayers — Fund the appropriations listed above; Rep. Lyman objected to the use of non-governmental managers Fox 13 Now
- Great Salt Lake — Remains below the healthy range: 4,189.8 feet on 26 October 2026 against a healthy minimum of 4,198 feet (Strike Team range) Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
What happened
After the lake's 2022 record low the Utah Legislature passed HB 410, "Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement", which, in the State of Utah's words, "Established a water trust with $40 million towards watershed enhancement projects". The Community Foundation of Utah says the bill passed unanimously. The National Audubon Society's Saline Lakes Program and The Nature Conservancy in Utah co-manage the Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust; the Community Foundation is fiscal steward. Its 2025 Impact Report lists a ten-member council that includes a Compass Minerals representative, the Utah Farm Bureau, Ducks Unlimited and the Great Salt Lake Commissioner. At a legislative hearing (the page is undated) the trust was reported to have spent nearly $1.3 million and secured 64,000 acre-feet; Representative Phil Lyman said "I was shocked when I learned that this money was turned straight over to unelected, non-governmental agencies." The Trust's own report states that its wetland and habitat grant programmes awarded $14 million to 12 projects, with $8.2 million in matching funds from partners and grantees.
The state's other appropriations are listed on its legislation page: $200 million in 2023 (SB 277) "to expand the agricultural optimization program", with the 2023 HB 491 creating the Office of the Great Salt Lake Commissioner; "Great Salt Lake Appropriations totaled nearly $16 million" in 2024; and for 2026 $2.75 million ongoing for Great Salt Lake, $5 million for water litigation and $30 million for the purchase of U.S. Magnesium (described in a separate case). The Strike Team's 2025 summary lists Utah allocations of $15 million to the Commissioner's Office for planning and water leasing, $22 million for water infrastructure and $5.4 million for about 6,000 acres of wetlands, and $50 million directed by the US Bureau of Reclamation. The New York Review of Books reported that Utah lawmakers allocated $1 million for water leasing in 2025. HB 410 of 2026 funds a water-leasing programme with $2.75 million (KUER) or "almost $3 million" (Utah Public Radio), available from 2027; the state legislation page attributes the $2.75 million to HB 247.
On water, the Strike Team reported in January 2025 that more than 288,000 acre-feet had been "approved to flow to the lake" through leases or donated water rights, and that the figure is approved volume and not the amount delivered (as reported by Utah News Dispatch). Compass Minerals and Morton Salt together donated 255,298 acre-feet, according to the same report. Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District, Welby Jacob Water Users and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints released about 10,000 acre-feet from Utah Lake via the Jordan River, and water conservancy districts released about 700,000 acre-feet of stored water in winter. The Trust's report gives transactions on a diversion basis of about 64,000 acre-feet in 2023, about 69,190 in 2024 and about 72,485 in 2025, about 200,000 since 2023, and about 700,000 anticipated between 2026 and 2035 under current arrangements. In 2026 Hannah Freeze, deputy commissioner in April and Commissioner by August, said "We can stabilize the lake if we can get 250,000 acre-feet of water to the lake"; KUER reported that the lake needs an additional 850,000 acre-feet of water each year to fill it in a couple of decades; according to the Department of Agriculture and Food, as reported by KUER, Utah has conserved approximately 130,000 acre-feet of water per year since 2019, and KUER wrote that it was difficult for the state to track where the saved water went.
On the lake itself, the Strike Team wrote in its 2025 summary that the north arm rose 2.8 feet in 2024, the south arm was stable and "The lake remains well below the healthy range"; brine shrimp egg numbers rose about 50% and 15,600 acres of phragmites were removed. Utah Public Radio and KUER reported the lake at about 4,191.6 feet at the south end in January 2026 and about 4,190 feet in early August 2026; DWR showed 4,189.8 feet on 26 October 2026. The New York Review of Books reported that Governor Spencer Cox had pledged to refill the lake by 2034 and that President Trump's budget request of 3 April included $1 billion for the lake, which Congress had not approved. A University of Utah and Grow the Flow review of the 2026 session said "the progress seen this session still does not put the State on track".
- 2022HB 410 establishes the US$40 million Great Salt Lake water trust
- 2023SB 277 appropriates $200 million to expand the agricultural optimization program; HB 491 creates the Office of the Great Salt Lake Commissioner; the trust makes its first transactions (about 64,000 acre-feet)
- 2024Great Salt Lake appropriations total nearly $16 million; Compass Minerals and Morton Salt agree to donate water rights; north arm rises 2.8 feet
- 2025January: Strike Team summary counts more than 288,000 acre-feet approved; Legislature allocates $1 million for water leasing; trust reports about 72,485 acre-feet transacted
- 2026April: Legislature has approved a leasing programme that opens in 2027 (Utah Public Radio); HB 410 (2026) funds a water-leasing programme from 2027; $2.75 million ongoing for the lake; lake near 4,190 feet in August; 4,189.8 feet on 26 October
What was said
“with steady and deliberate actions, we can first stabilize and then raise lake elevation”
“All indications demonstrate that delivering more water to the lake is a far more cost-effective solution”
“We can stabilize the lake if we can get 250,000 acre-feet of water to the lake.”
“I was shocked when I learned that this money was turned straight over to unelected, non-governmental agencies.”
“the progress seen this session still does not put the State on track”
“There has been unprecedented interest, investment and action to preserve and protect the Great Salt Lake in recent years.”
Where accounts differ
Each party's account, side by side, with its source. The record does not settle these points; it shows them.
About 72,485 acre-feet transacted in 2025; about 200,000 acre-feet since 2023 (the trust's own figures).
National Audubon Society and The Nature Conservancy (Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust)More than 288,000 acre-feet approved; the figure does not represent the amount delivered; the lake remains well below the healthy range.
Yahoo News (Utah News Dispatch)Utah has conserved approximately 130,000 acre-feet of water per year since 2019; KUER adds that it was difficult for the state to track where the saved water went.
KUERThe progress seen in the 2026 session still does not put the State on track.
ABC4Objected that the money was turned over to unelected, non-governmental agencies.
Fox 13 NowThe trust is co-managed by Audubon and The Nature Conservancy with the Community Foundation as fiscal steward; the Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands oversees it (Fox 13).
Community Foundation of UtahHow it looked
Shown
- The $40 million trust described as a way "to enhance water quantity and quality in Great Salt Lake"; the trust's report describes its water transactions in acre-feet and its wetland grants in acres.Community Foundation of Utah; Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust · Community Foundation of Utah
- More than 288,000 acre-feet of water "approved to flow to the lake".Great Salt Lake Strike Team, as reported by Utah News Dispatch · Yahoo News (Utah News Dispatch)
Recorded
- HB 410 (2022) established a water trust with $40 million; the Trust reports $14 million awarded to 12 wetland projects and about 72,485 acre-feet of transactions in 2025 on a diversion basis.
- The Strike Team report states the 288,000 acre-feet are approved volume and not the amount delivered; no delivered volume appears in the sources reviewed.
- The Strike Team summary of 2025 states "The lake remains well below the healthy range."
- DWR's page shows 4,189.8 feet at Saltair Boat Harbor on 26 October 2026; USGS records the record low of 4,188.5 feet on 7 November 2022.
In nature's name
Promised
- “with steady and deliberate actions, we can first stabilize and then raise lake elevation” — William Anderegg, Strike Team co-chair (January 2025) Utah State University (USU Today)
- “We can stabilize the lake if we can get 250,000 acre-feet of water to the lake.” — Hannah Freeze, Great Salt Lake Commissioner (4 August 2026) KUER
Money moved in nature's name
| What | Kind | Amount | Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Great Salt Lake water trust authorised by HB 410 (authorised by the Legislature; the page does not state how much has been paid in) Utah Legislature State of Utah (greatsaltlake.utah.gov) | Budget | $40m | 2022 |
| Spent by the trust, as reported to a legislative subcommittee (hearing date not stated) Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust Fox 13 Now | Spent | $1.3m | date not stated |
| Wetland and habitat grants awarded to 12 projects (awarded; amount disbursed not stated) Trust and Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands National Audubon Society and The Nature Conservancy (Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust) | Budget | $14m | 2023-2024 |
| Matching funds from partners and grantees for the wetland grants Partners and grantees National Audubon Society and The Nature Conservancy (Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust) | Raised | $8.2m | 2023-2024 |
| SB 277 appropriation to expand the agricultural optimization program (listed on the state's Great Salt Lake legislation page; the page does not state how much reaches the lake) Utah Legislature State of Utah (greatsaltlake.utah.gov) | Budget | $200m | 2023 |
| Great Salt Lake appropriations, 2024 Utah Legislature State of Utah (greatsaltlake.utah.gov) | Budget | $16m | 2024 |
| Allocated to the Commissioner's Office for planning and water leasing State of Utah Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah | Budget | $15m | 2024 |
| Allocated to water infrastructure projects State of Utah Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah | Budget | $22m | 2024 |
| Awarded to support about 6,000 acres of wetlands State of Utah Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah | Budget | $5.4m | 2024 |
| Directed to Great Salt Lake preservation projects US Bureau of Reclamation Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah | Budget | $50m | 2024 |
| Allocated for water leasing Utah Legislature New York Review of Books | Budget | $1m | 2025 |
| Ongoing appropriation for Great Salt Lake (per year, ongoing; the state page attributes it to HB 247, KUER to the 2026 leasing bill) Utah Legislature State of Utah (greatsaltlake.utah.gov) | Budget | $2.75m | 2026 |
| Appropriated for water litigation (listed on the state's Great Salt Lake legislation page) Utah Legislature State of Utah (greatsaltlake.utah.gov) | Budget | $5m | 2026 |
Benefit to nature: what was measured
No independent measurement attributing a change in lake level, flow or ecology to the trust or the other spending is on record in the sources reviewed. The trust's acre-feet are its own figures; the Strike Team states that 288,000 acre-feet is approved volume and not delivered volume, and the Strike Team wrote in 2025 that the lake remains well below the healthy range. Lake level was 4,189.8 feet on 26 October 2026 against the 4,188.5-foot record of 7 November 2022.
Operation Ongoing · The trust, the Commissioner's office and the 2026 leasing programme (open from 2027) continue. KUER
Findings on record
- Own admission Great Salt Lake Strike Team (Utah universities and state agencies), 2025 summary (2025-02-03) · Great Salt Lake Strike Team update (2025 data and insights summary): “The lake remains well below the healthy range.” Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah
Who gained
Reached nature or the ground
Gained elsewhere
Responses on record
- utah-dnr (6 September 2023): Executive director Joel Ferry: "There has been unprecedented interest, investment and action to preserve and protect the Great Salt Lake in recent years." · KSL.com
- gsl-watershed-enhancement-trust (April 2026): Reports about 72,485 acre-feet transacted in 2025 and $14 million awarded to 12 wetland projects, with a 1.4 to 1 match to state grant expenditures. · National Audubon Society and The Nature Conservancy (Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust)
- utah-gsl-commissioner (2025-2026): Hannah Freeze said 250,000 acre-feet could stabilise the lake; the state's Strike Team wrote that the lake remains well below the healthy range. · KUER
In court and with insurers
Lawsuits and rulings
Insurers
What nature saw
Nature's report opens this page. Below: further outcomes measured on the ground.
What we don't know
Nature
- Not measured Harm to nature: The record holds no measurement of harm to nature.
- Disputed Whether the trust's money and the water transactions are reaching the lake
Accounts
- Disputed Who should manage the trust's money
Record
- None on record None on record in the sources reviewed: the volume of water actually delivered to the lake from leases and donated rights; the Strike Team report states 288,000 acre-feet is approved volume.
- Not disclosed None on record in the sources reviewed: the price paid per acre-foot for any lease; the Commissioner's office had not published a rate and the 2026 leasing programme was to open in 2027.
- None on record None on record in the sources reviewed: an independent audit or evaluation of the water trust; the trust's figures are its own.
- Unclear Unclear: the trust's spending. A legislative hearing was told it had spent nearly $1.3 million (the page is undated), while the trust's 2025 report states $14 million awarded to 12 wetland projects; awarded and spent are different measures.
- Unclear Unclear: the bill that carries the $2.75 million ongoing appropriation for the lake. The state legislation page attributes it to HB 247; KUER and Utah Public Radio attribute the leasing money to HB 410 of 2026.
- Insufficient Unconfirmed: the New York Review of Books statement that Governor Cox pledged to refill the lake by 2034, and the $300 million, $244 million, $100 million and $190 million uses Utah leaders proposed for a $1 billion federal request that Congress had not approved.
- None on record None on record in the sources reviewed: the amount of the SB 277 ($200 million) appropriation that reaches the lake; the state page lists it among Great Salt Lake legislation but describes it as expanding an agricultural optimization programme.
Did the harm stop?
Not stopped on the sources reviewed: the Strike Team wrote in 2025 that the lake remains well below the healthy range, and DWR showed 4,189.8 feet on 26 October 2026.
Who paid?
Utah taxpayers through legislative appropriations (US$40 million trust, other lines above), the US Bureau of Reclamation ($50 million directed to lake projects per the Strike Team), and donors of water rights including Compass Minerals, Morton Salt and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Sources
Government and regulators
- Great Salt Lake legislation (year-by-year list of bills and appropriations)State of Utah (greatsaltlake.utah.gov) ·
- Great Salt Lake Strike Team: Policy Assessment Executive Summary (version 2.0)Great Salt Lake Strike Team (Utah State University, University of Utah, Utah Departments of Natural Resources, Agriculture and Food, and Environmental Quality); hosted by the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute · 2023-02-08
- Great Salt Lake water levelsUtah Division of Wildlife Resources · 2026-10-26
Press and investigations
- Report details the state's 'meaningful' progress getting more water to the Great Salt Lake (Utah News Dispatch)Yahoo News (Utah News Dispatch) · 2025-01-16
- This new program will pay farmers to send water to Great Salt LakeUtah Public Radio · 2026-04-01
- Putting the Lake to Work (Great Salt Lake)New York Review of Books · 2026-06-14
- The Great Salt Lake begins the new year teetering near record lows (Leia Larsen, Salt Lake Tribune)Utah Public Radio (Salt Lake Tribune) · 2026-01-07
Communities and civil society
- Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement TrustCommunity Foundation of Utah ·
- Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust: Impact Report 2025National Audubon Society and The Nature Conservancy (Great Salt Lake Watershed Enhancement Trust) · 2026-04
Researchers
- Great Salt Lake Strike Team update (2025 data and insights summary)Wilkes Center for Climate Science and Policy, University of Utah · 2025-02-03
- Strike team: Utah making progress on Great Salt LakeUtah State University (USU Today) · 2025-01-14
Connected cases
- Mineral extraction on the Great Salt Lake: royalties, severance tax, the 2024 audit and Compass Minerals' voluntary agreement United States · 1960–2026 Related matter
- Utah State Legislature (Government) — here: Authorised the US$40 million trust (HB 410, 2022) and later appropriations; there: Passed HB 453 (2024) and HB 247 (2026)
- Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands (Public authority) — here: State division that oversees the trust and manages the lake's sovereign lands; there: Manages mineral leases and royalty agreements; counterparty to the voluntary agreements
- Great Salt Lake Strike Team (Research institution) — here: University and state-agency team that reports annually on progress; there: Reported the Compass and Morton Salt commitments
- Great Salt Lake, Utah: record-low level on 7 November 2022 and the attribution of the decline United States · 1847–2026 Related matter
- Utah Department of Natural Resources (Public authority) — here: State department whose executive director commented on the state's investment in the lake; there: State department that manages the lake's sovereign lands through its divisions
- Great Salt Lake Strike Team (Research institution) — here: University and state-agency team that reports annually on progress; there: Estimated the shares of the record-low elevation due to consumptive use, variability and warming
- US Magnesium: Utah's lease termination, the company's bankruptcy and the state's US$30 million purchase of the Great Salt Lake plant United States · 1961–2026 Related matter
- Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands (Public authority) — here: State division that oversees the trust and manages the lake's sovereign lands; there: Lessor of the lake lands; sought lease termination; buyer of the assets
- Utah transfers 22,311 acres at the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge to the federal government for US$60 million United States · 2026 Related matter
- Utah State Legislature (Government) — here: Authorised the US$40 million trust (HB 410, 2022) and later appropriations; there: Approved the settlement by resolution HJR30
- Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment v. Utah Department of Natural Resources: public-trust lawsuit over the Great Salt Lake United States · 2023–2026
- Utah Department of Natural Resources (Public authority) — here: State department whose executive director commented on the state's investment in the lake; there: Defendant
- Utah Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands (Public authority) — here: State division that oversees the trust and manages the lake's sovereign lands; there: Defendant (Division of Forestry, Fire and State Lands)
- Bahamas debt-for-nature swap Bahamas · 2024
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Conservation organisation involved in the transaction
- Barbados debt-for-nature swap Barbados · 2022
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Guarantor (US$50m)
- Belize blue bond Belize · 2021–2041
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Lender (via subsidiary)
- Bezos Earth Fund: first grants and SBTi funding United States · 2020–2026
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Recipient of $100m (first round)
- Biomas restoration initiative Brazil · 2022
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Nature NGO; director Sérgio Rial was chairman of Santander Brasil when it co-founded Biomas
- Bloomberg, Steyer and Bezos money shapes coal and nature campaigns United States · 2008–2026
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Environmental group that received Bezos Earth Fund money
- Bolivian carbon scheme claimed 55 million tonnes; Greenpeace investigation reported at most 5.8 million Bolivia · 1997–2010
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: conservation group; set up the scheme with BP
- BP Deepwater Horizon: the spill, the court cases and the recovery claims United States · 2010–2031
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Recipient of BP funding
- Brine shrimp cyst harvest on the Great Salt Lake: state-stated industry value, permits and the 2026 royalty United States · 2026
- Utah State Legislature (Government) — here: Authorised the US$40 million trust (HB 410, 2022) and later appropriations; there: Set the royalty rate in HB 247 (2026)
- Coral reef parametric insurance, Quintana Roo Mexico · 2018–2026
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Co-designer of the cover; author of the July 2026 case study
- Dust and arsenic from the exposed Great Salt Lake lakebed: studies by USGS, the University of Utah and Utah State University United States · 2018–2026
- Office of the Great Salt Lake Commissioner (Public authority) — here: Office created in 2023; plans water leasing and co-chairs the Strike Team; there: Helping finance expanded dust monitoring
- Ecuador's 2024 Amazon debt-for-nature conversion and the Amazon Biocorridor Program Ecuador · 2023–2026
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Structured and supports the Nature Bonds transaction; provides technical support and sits on the fund's board
- El Salvador debt-for-nature swap El Salvador · 2024–2025
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Not named for this transaction; a JPMorgan executive sits on its board
- Gabon debt-for-nature swap Gabon · 2023
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Sponsor of the project
- Generation Investment Management: fees, partners' profit and Foundation grants United Kingdom · 2004–2026
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Blood and Bernstein board seats; no Generation-related transactions on Schedule L
- Kenyan water-tower forest evictions followed the 2018 shooting of a Sengwer herder Kenya · 2016–2024
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: reported water fund operator
- Mosaic settles US hazardous-waste case over phosphogypsum handling United States · 2015
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Conservation organisation listing Mosaic as a corporate partner
- Nature Conservancy began $10 million partnership with Dow Chemical in 2011 United States · 2007–2021
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: conservation group; cooperation partner
- Nature Conservancy gas drilling on Texas City Prairie Preserve United States · 1995–2014
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Landowner and driller
- Palau National Marine Sanctuary Palau · 2015
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Former employer of the Agriculture Minister; Micronesia director named in the bill
- Pará state pre-sold REDD+ credits worth nearly R$1 billion; federal prosecutors sue to cancel Brazil · 2023–2026
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Named by the MPF as having a conflict of interest
- Sengwer evictions from Embobut forest and the EU Water Towers programme (Kenya) Kenya · 2014–2024
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Water fund overlapping Embobut
- Seychelles 2016 debt-for-nature swap listed among TNC Nature Bonds Seychelles · 2016
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Runs the Nature Bonds programme that lists the Seychelles pilot
- TNC chief scientist urged conservation groups to partner with companies United States · 2011–2015
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Employer of Kareiva; Dow Chemical partner; subject of the essay
- TNC Hawaii coral reef parametric insurance United States · 2022–2026
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Policyholder
- US Senate probes Nature Conservancy land sales to its own trustees United States · 2003
- The Nature Conservancy (NGO) — here: Co-manager of the trust (The Nature Conservancy in Utah); there: Organisation whose land sales were the subject of the inquiry