Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / Company · Germany

Volkswagen

Appears in 6 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
Kariba REDD+ project (Zimbabwe)Credit buyer (at least €10m)Zimbabwe2011–2025Carbon credits
Volkswagen diesel emissions scandalManufacturer ordered to pay €1bn in Germany in 2018Germany2015Chemical pollution
AdBlue cartel (Daimler, BMW, VW)Fined, with BMW, 875 million euros in totalGermany2009–2014Finance, funds and markets
End-of-life vehicle recycling cartel (EU carmakers, ACEA)Manufacturer; party to the separate AdBlue cartelEuropean Union2002–2017Finance, funds and markets
Volkswagen, Audi and Daimler diesel fines (Germany)Fined company (1 billion euros order)Germany2015Chemical pollution
Verra registry fee structure, auditor ties and the Follow the Money responseCredit buyer with a representative on Verra's advisory groupUnited States2007–2026Carbon credits

Carbon and conservation finance

Carbon credit
A certificate representing one tonne of carbon dioxide (or equivalent) that a project says it reduced, avoided or removed. Buyers use credits to balance their own emissions in climate claims.