Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / Government · Venezuela

Government of Venezuela

Appears in 15 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
Orinoco Mining Arc: decree, state gold business and measured harmIssued Decree 2.248; mining ministry and state companiesVenezuela2011–2026Mining
Gold mining inside Canaima National ParkPark authority and responsible stateVenezuela2016–2026Mining
Gold mining in Yapacana National Park and the 2023 military evictionsMinistry of Defence statements; National Guard post at the park entranceVenezuela2021–2025Mining
Venezuelan gold exports to Turkey and the UAE and US sanctions on Minerven and the Central BankExporting stateVenezuela2018–2026Mining
Tumeremo killings and armed control of gold mines in BolívarResponsible state; Public Prosecutor, security forcesVenezuela2015–2026Mining
Las Cristinas gold project: 2008 permit denial in the Imataca reserve, Crystallex ICSID award and court-ordered sale of CITGO's parentRespondent; judgment debtorVenezuela2008–2026Mining
Brisas gold-copper project: 2008 revocation of the environmental permit in Imataca and Gold Reserve's ICSID awardRespondentVenezuela2007–2026Mining
Siembra Minera: the merged Brisas–Cristinas area in the Orinoco Mining Arc, the 2022 revocation and Gold Reserve's new arbitrationRespondentVenezuela2016–2026Mining
Rusoro Mining award for the El Callao gold mines: Venezuela's unquantified natural-resource counterclaim and Rusoro's role in the CITGO saleRespondent; counterclaimantVenezuela2008–2026Mining
Lake Maracaibo chronic oil leaksAnnounced the July 2023 clean-up plan and pipeline replacementVenezuela2010–2026Oil spill
Unpaid Venezuelan contributions to the IOPC Funds, 2019–2026Member State of the 1992 Fund; Ambassador in London approached by the DirectorVenezuela2019–2026Insurance, liability and compensation funds
Nissos Amorgos tanker spill, Gulf of Venezuela, 1997, and the US$60 million environmental-damage judgmentClaimant State; awarded US$60 millionVenezuela1997–2014Oil spill
Canaima National Park: fire suppression for the Guri catchment, mining pressure and the UNESCO decisionsState Party to the World Heritage ConventionVenezuela1981–2026Protected area / relocation
Lake Valencia: rising level, sewage and compensation for flooded homesFunded the clean-up programmes and the Pao-Cachinche transferVenezuela1976–2023Water use
Guri dam, drought and the 2010, 2016 and 2019 power crises: catchment, emergency contracts and prosecutionsDecreed the electric emergency; attributed the 2019 blackout to sabotageVenezuela2003–2023Wind, hydro and other renewables
Appears alongside
SOS Orinoco ×5US Department of the Treasury ×4International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) ×4Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) ×3Supreme Court of Venezuela (TSJ) ×3UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Venezuela ×3MAAP / Amazon Conservation ×3PDVSA ×3Amber Energy ×3Gold Reserve Ltd. ×3US District Court for the District of Delaware ×3Central Bank of Venezuela (BCV) ×2Minerven (Venezuelan state gold mining company) ×2UN Human Rights Office ×2UNESCO World Heritage Committee ×2IUCN ×2US Department of Justice ×2Ministry of Environment of Venezuela (MinAmb) ×2Elliott ×2Koch ×2Rusoro Mining Ltd. ×2NASA Earth Observatory ×2International Oil Pollution Compensation Funds (IOPC Funds) ×2CORPOELEC (CORPOELEC-EDELCA) ×2IPENWildlife Conservation SocietyNoor CapitalSardes Kıymetli MadenlerGoetz Gold LLCPublic Prosecutor's Office of VenezuelaCrystallex International CorporationCorporación Venezolana de Guayana (CVG)PDV Holding, Inc. (PDVH)ConocoPhillipsUS Court of Appeals for the Third CircuitMinistry of Mines of Venezuela (MIBAM)Empresa Mixta Ecosocialista Siembra Minera, S.A.GR Mining (Barbados) Inc.Corporación Venezolana de Minería (CVM)Ministry of Mining of VenezuelaAugusta CapitalMinistry of Ecosocialism (Venezuela)Observatorio de Ecología Política de Venezuela (OEP)Fundación Azul AmbientalistaChevronAssuranceföreningen Gard (Gard Club)High Court of England and WalesINPARQUES (Instituto Nacional de Parques)Global Environment FacilityWorld BankSupreme Tribunal of Justice of Venezuela (Constitutional Chamber)Ministry of Environment (Cambodia)Derwick AssociatesDuro FelgueraAudiencia Nacional (Spain)US District Court, Southern District of FloridaTransparencia VenezuelaOrganized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP)NASA