Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / Company · Venezuela

PDVSA

Appears in 6 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
Las Cristinas gold project: 2008 permit denial in the Imataca reserve, Crystallex ICSID award and court-ordered sale of CITGO's parentOwner of the attached PDVH sharesVenezuela2008–2026Mining
Lake Maracaibo chronic oil leaksState oil company; operator of the lake's installations and pipelinesVenezuela2010–2026Oil spill
El Palito refinery spill into Golfo Triste and Morrocoy National Park, 2020State oil company; operator of the El Palito refineryVenezuela2020–2024Oil spill
Venezuela coastal oil spills: Golfete de Coro (2020) and Lechería (2022)State oil company; reported the Ulé–Amuay leak; did not reply on LecheríaVenezuela2020–2022Oil spill
Venezuela gas flaring and methane from oil and gasState oil company; operator of the flaring sitesVenezuela2012–2026Oil, gas and coal operations
Nissos Amorgos tanker spill, Gulf of Venezuela, 1997, and the US$60 million environmental-damage judgmentSettled claimant for clean-up and preventive measuresVenezuela1997–2014Oil spill