Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / Government · Ecuador

Government of Ecuador

Appears in 5 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
Galápagos debt-for-nature swapBorrowerEcuador2023–2041Debt-for-nature swap
Los Cedros mining permits annulled (Ecuador)State authorityEcuador2021Mining
Yasuní ITT oil wells closure (Ecuador)Government; party to the referendum implementationEcuador2007–2026Protected area / relocation
Chevron, Texaco and the Lago Agrio judgment: the RICO ruling and the Donziger casesRespondent in the arbitration; ordered to pay Chevron more than $224 millionEcuador1995–2026Oil spill
Galápagos debt-for-nature swap used US$656 million of US political risk insuranceDebtor; issued the new Galápagos bondEcuador2023Insurance, liability and compensation funds

Carbon and conservation finance

Debt-for-nature swap
A deal in which a government's debt is bought back or refinanced at a discount, and part of the savings is committed to conservation.

Law and courts

Arbitration
A private dispute process in which an appointed arbitrator, instead of a court, decides the case.