Certification label
2 cases in 3 countries, 2001–2008. Most cases: Malaysia (1), Uganda (1), Germany (1).
Malua BioBank: biodiversity conservation certificates for a logged forest reserve in Sabah, Malaysia
In 2008 a private equity fund and the Sabah government issued 3.4 million Biodiversity Conservation Certificates at US$10 each for the 34,000 ha Malua Forest Reserve, with projected revenue of US$34 million. The only sales total in the sources is US$215,000; the fund exited in 2020 and the BioBank's later status is not on record.
Kikonda Forest Reserve carbon plantation (Global Woods), Uganda
Global Woods AG, a German company, planted pine and eucalyptus on the Kikonda Central Forest Reserve under a 2002 tree-farming licence and sold Gold Standard carbon credits from it. Journalists and NGOs report evictions and conflict with herders and farmers, which the company and the FSC contest or contextualise; Gold Standard required corrective action in 2016 and later closed the grievance, and no court ruling is on record.