Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Cases / Fishing ban · United States · 1870–1983

Pribilof fur seal harvest and Alaska Commercial Company

Nature's voice · report
No measurement of the harm done to me here is on record.
Did nature suffer? Not measured.
Not on record
  • The record does not name which of my species, waters, soils or forests were harmed.
What the record lacks: 2 none on record · 4 insufficient · 1 not measured See the gaps

The Alaska Commercial Company held the Pribilof Islands fur seal harvest in the late nineteenth century. A federal agency history records that the Aleut residents were later compensated by the US government, not by the company.

The US government, not the companyWho paid the Aleut residents of the Pribilof Islands
Per a NOAA history of Aleut management; compensation in 1979 and 1983.

Status As recorded: compensation was paid by the US government in 1979 and 1983; no payment by the company is on record in the sources reviewed.

What?
Commercial harvest of fur seals on the Pribilof Islands by the Alaska Commercial Company, and later compensation of the islands' Aleut residents. NOAA, National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration
Where?
When?
Harvest period 1870–1890; compensation 1979 and 1983. NOAA, National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration
Who?
Gained
  • Alaska Commercial Company — Held the harvest lease in 1870–1890; its net profit figure is reported but not independently verified. US House of Representatives
Lost
Harmed
None on record
Why?
Not stated in the sources reviewed.
How?
The company held the harvest lease; the NOAA history records that compensation came from the state, not the company. NOAA, National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration
6 of 6 questions answered from the record

What happened

The record, in order.

The Alaska Commercial Company was the lessee of the fur seal harvest on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, in the period 1870 to 1890. A 1913 US House of Representatives report on the fur seal industry is cited for the company's net profit over the lease (see Unknown: that document had not been opened when the record was compiled).

A history of Aleut management published by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) records that the Aleut residents of the islands were compensated in 1979 and 1983, and that the payments came from the US government. The history states that the company did not pay.

Separately, a 1911 treaty among the United States, Great Britain (on behalf of Canada), Japan and Russia ended pelagic (open-sea) sealing in the North Pacific. The record cites a US State Department publication (FRUS 1940) for the treaty terms; the specific terms reported are not independently verified (see Unknown).

  1. 1870Start of the 1870–1890 period of the Alaska Commercial Company's harvest on the Pribilof Islands
  2. 1911Treaty ending open-sea fur sealing in the North Pacific signed
  3. 1979First compensation to Pribilof Aleut residents, paid by the US government
  4. 1983Second compensation to Pribilof Aleut residents, paid by the US government

How it looked

What was shown, beside what was recorded.

Shown

    Recorded

    In court and with insurers

    Every proceeding and every insurer decision on record.

    Lawsuits and rulings

    No court case on record. No court has ruled on this case.

    Insurers

    No insurer decision on record.

    What nature saw

    Outcomes measured on the ground, and nature's note.

    Nature's report opens this page. Below: further outcomes measured on the ground.

    Independent ecological evaluation
    None in the sources reviewed
    The sources reviewed give no herd counts that are independently verified.

    What we don't know

    Undisclosed, unproven, untried: recorded as data.

    Nature

    • Not measured Harm to nature: No independent ecological evaluation is on record.

    Court

    Record

    • Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: that the company's net profit over 1870–1890 was $18.75 million. The source cited, a 1913 US House report, had not been opened.
    • Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: that the company took 1.86 million seals in 1870–1890.
    • Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: that the Aleut residents were paid in food and shelter, not money, until 1946.
    • Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: that the 1911 convention gave Great Britain and Japan 15% shares each of the Pribilof land harvest in return for ending open-sea sealing; that the herd was estimated at 4 million or more before the hunt, 215,900 in the 1912 count and about 1.5 million in the 1950s; and that Japan withdrew from the agreement in 1941.
    • None on record The legal basis of the 1979 and 1983 payments and their amounts are not given in the sources reviewed.

    Did the harm stop?

    The 1911 treaty ended open-sea sealing; the herd's later recovery is reported but not independently verified.

    Who paid?

    According to the NOAA history, the US government paid the compensation to the Aleut residents in 1979 and 1983; the company did not.

    Sources

    Voices on record: — Company or project✓ Government and regulators— Courts— Press and investigations— Communities and civil society— Researchers

    Government and regulators

    1. Aleut management history (Pribilof Islands)
      NOAA, National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration ·
    2. Fur seal industry (1913 report)
      US House of Representatives · 1913

    Connected cases

    Related matters, and cases linked to this one through the same organisations, with the role each played in both.

    Institutions

    NOAA
    The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, which leads damage assessment for coastal and marine spills.