Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Cases / Carbon credits · Uganda · 1990–2009

FACE Foundation Mount Elgon carbon forest (Uganda)

Nature's voice · report
No measurement of the harm done to me here is on record.
Did nature suffer? Not measured.
Not on record
  • The record does not name which of my species, waters, soils or forests were harmed.
What the record lacks: 1 none on record · 4 insufficient · 1 not measured · 1 disputed See the gaps

A 1994 agreement covering 25,000 hectares of Mount Elgon in Uganda is listed as a carbon forest project. Reporting links the project area to the eviction of the Benet people.

25,000 haArea covered by the 1994 agreement
As listed for the FACE Foundation Mount Elgon carbon forest, 1990–2009.

Status As of October 2026: the sources reviewed record evictions reported in 2009 and later shootings in the area; no court ruling or official finding on the project is on record.

What?
A tree-planting carbon forest project on Mount Elgon in Uganda, covered by a 1994 agreement over 25,000 hectares, in an area from which the Benet people were reported evicted. IPS (cited with WRM and Chris Lang)
Where?
When?
1990 to 2009 (agreement 1994; IPS report November 2009). IPS (cited with WRM and Chris Lang)
Who?
Gained
None on record
Lost
Harmed
None on record
Why?
Not stated in the sources reviewed beyond the project's listing as a carbon forest.
How?
Not detailed in the sources reviewed.
6 of 6 questions answered from the record

What happened

The record, in order.

The FACE Foundation Mount Elgon carbon forest in Uganda is listed with a 1994 agreement covering 25,000 hectares. The period of the case runs from 1990 to 2009.

A November 2009 IPS report is cited for evictions of the Benet people from the area.

Separately, Minority Rights Group counted at least seven shootings by Uganda Wildlife Authority rangers in the Benet area of Mount Elgon since April 2020, and Amnesty International's 2024 report said that UWA officers shot three people, killing two children. The sources reviewed do not tie these shootings to the FACE project.

  1. 1994Agreement covering 25,000 ha
  2. 2009IPS report on the Benet evictions (November)
  3. 2020Minority Rights Group begins counting shootings by UWA rangers in the Benet area (from April)
  4. 2024Amnesty International report on UWA shootings

What was said

Claims, in the words of those who made them.

Where accounts differ

Each party's account, side by side, with its source. The record does not settle these points; it shows them.

Were the Benet evictions connected to the carbon forest project?
Press and investigations
IPS (November 2009)

Reported evictions of the Benet people from the Mount Elgon area; headline: Uganda Mount Elgon eviction has reduced us to beggars.

IPS (cited with WRM and Chris Lang)
Company or project
FACE Foundation

Reported as rejecting the connection; not verified against the full text.

IPS (cited with WRM and Chris Lang)

How it looked

What was shown, beside what was recorded.

Shown

    Recorded

    • A 1994 agreement covered 25,000 ha.
    • Evictions of the Benet people are reported in connection with the project area.
    • Minority Rights Group counted at least seven shootings by UWA rangers in the Benet area since April 2020; Amnesty's 2024 report said UWA officers shot three people, killing two children. Not tied to the project in the sources reviewed.

    Who gained

    Money that reached nature, beside money that stayed elsewhere.

    Reached nature or the ground

    Not published
    No figure published.

    Gained elsewhere

    Not totalled
    Currency: · Window: . All figures cover the same period. * Estimate built from cited figures.

    Responses on record

    In court and with insurers

    Every proceeding and every insurer decision on record.

    Lawsuits and rulings

    No court case on record. No court has ruled on this case.

    Insurers

    No insurer decision on record.

    What nature saw

    Outcomes measured on the ground, and nature's note.

    Nature's report opens this page. Below: further outcomes measured on the ground.

    Area covered by the 1994 agreement
    25,000 ha
    As listed for the Mount Elgon project
    Independent ecological evaluation
    None found in the sources reviewed
    No evaluation of tree survival or carbon outcome is reported

    What we don't know

    Undisclosed, unproven, untried: recorded as data.

    Nature

    • Not measured Harm to nature: The record holds no measurement of harm to nature.

    Accounts

    • Disputed Were the Benet evictions connected to the carbon forest project?

    Record

    • Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: the FACE Foundation was set up in 1990 by the Dutch electricity generating board to offset the emissions of a new power station by planting trees.
    • Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: the 1994 agreement was made with the Uganda Wildlife Authority in Mount Elgon National Park, and credits went to the Dutch firm GreenSeat, which sold them to airline customers.
    • Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: FACE rejected the link between its project and the evictions.
    • Insufficient Reported but not independently verified: the project kept its FSC certificate.
    • None on record The sources reviewed do not give the number of people evicted, the dates of the evictions or any compensation.

    Did the harm stop?

    The sources reviewed do not say whether the evictions or the project ended.

    Who paid?

    The Benet people, reported as evicted from the park area (IPS, November 2009).

    Sources

    Voices on record: — Company or project— Government and regulators— Courts✓ Press and investigations— Communities and civil society— Researchers

    Press and investigations

    1. Uganda: Mount Elgon eviction has reduced us to beggars
      IPS (cited with WRM and Chris Lang) · 2009-11

    Science and environment

    Hectare (ha)
    A unit of area equal to 10,000 square metres, about 2.5 acres. 100 hectares make one square kilometre.

    Carbon and conservation finance

    Offset
    Using carbon credits to balance emissions released elsewhere, so that a buyer can claim lower or zero net emissions.