Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / International organisation · International

International Monetary Fund

Appears in 5 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
IMF whale-value paper and Baffinland narwhal pilotPublisher of the whale-value article; the authors' employer when it was publishedCanada2019–2026Carbon credits
Kiribati PIPA opened to fishingReported fisheries share of GDPKiribati2015–2025Fishing ban
Whale oil, kerosene and the 1986 whaling moratoriumEconomists' 2019 valuation of a whaleInternational1859–2022Fishing ban
World Bank US$600m farm loan coincided with a 90% fall in farm supportLetter of intent on the sugar beet quota (May 2001)Turkey2001–2003Finance, funds and markets
Pakistan cancels five independent power contracts amid capacity-payment costsPressure behind the terminationsPakistan2024–2025Law, regulation and treaties

Carbon and conservation finance

Carbon credit
A certificate representing one tonne of carbon dioxide (or equivalent) that a project says it reduced, avoided or removed. Buyers use credits to balance their own emissions in climate claims.