Who gains from saving nature
Ledger 1 : 33 — For each dollar financing nature-based solutions in 2023, about $33 financed activities harmful to nature. (UNEP)
Actors / Company · Saudi Arabia

Saudi Aramco

Appears in 4 cases in this database. Roles as given in the documented record.

CaseRoleCountryPeriodInstrument
Saudi regional voluntary carbon market auctionLargest buyerSaudi Arabia2023Carbon credits
Hill & Knowlton, the Frank Statement and the TIRCClient at the time of COP27United States1953–2022Lobbying, PR and greenwashing
OPEC members' declared oil reserves jumped in the late 1980sFormer executive's 2007 remarks on Saudi reserves, reported in leaked cablesMultiple (OPEC)1985–1990Oil, gas and coal operations
Hill & Knowlton and Edelman: PR for fossil fuel clients and climate summitsagency clientEgypt2005–2025Lobbying, PR and greenwashing

Carbon and conservation finance

Carbon credit
A certificate representing one tonne of carbon dioxide (or equivalent) that a project says it reduced, avoided or removed. Buyers use credits to balance their own emissions in climate claims.